Employee performance is one of the key factors that determine the success and sustainability of a company. In the modern paradigm, employees are not only seen as workers, but as valuable assets that have a significant contribution to the growth and development of the company. Quality and high-performance employees are able to create innovation, increase productivity, and build good relationships with customers. Therefore, companies need to ensure that each employee is optimally empowered to achieve their best potential. As an asset, employees have a strategic value that cannot be replaced by machines or technology alone. Although technology can simplify business processes, creativity, empathy, and critical thinking skills possessed by humans remain the main advantages. Motivated and appreciated employees will deliver better performance, thus having a positive impact on achieving company goals. Thus, investing in human resource development is an important step to ensure that companies remain competitive in this challenging era.

Good employee performance also contributes to the creation of a positive and collaborative work environment. When every individual in the company works with full responsibility and dedication, this will create a strong synergy between teams. A harmonious work environment not only increases efficiency but also reduces employee conflict and turnover. Companies that understand that employees are assets will strive to create a work culture that supports the personal and professional growth of each individual. In addition, optimal employee performance also has a direct impact on customer satisfaction. Well-trained and motivated employees will provide the best service to customers, thereby increasing the company's loyalty and reputation. In the long run, this will bring financial benefits and strengthen the company's position in the market. By viewing employees as assets, companies will focus more on developing their skills and well-being, which will ultimately benefit all parties. Therefore, it is important for companies to implement policies that support improved employee performance, such as training programs, fair reward systems, and an inclusive work environment. By ensuring that employees feel valued and empowered, companies not only optimize their potential but also build a strong foundation for achieving their long-term vision and mission. Employees are the most important asset in a company, and their performance is a reflection of the success of the company itself.

Based on the initial survey conducted in the Logistics, Quality Control, Finance, and Marketing units, employee performance issues were identified which were thought to be influenced by three main factors: ineffective communication, an unsupportive work environment, and low employee motivation. Unclear or inconsistent communication between teams and departments often leads to misunderstandings, duplication of tasks, and delays in completing work. This was especially evident in the Logistics and Quality Control units, where poor coordination led to inefficiencies in operational processes. The work environment is also an important factor affecting employee performance. The survey showed that some employees felt uncomfortable with the physical conditions of the workplace, such as non-ergonomic layouts or inadequate facilities. In addition, the less collaborative work environment and rigid hierarchy in the Finance and Marketing units made employees feel limited in expressing ideas or input. This resulted in a decline in work enthusiasm and creativity, which ultimately affected overall productivity. Low employee motivation is also a serious challenge. Many employees feel underappreciated for their contributions, especially due to inconsistent reward and recognition systems. In the Marketing unit, for example, several employees complained that their efforts in achieving targets were not matched by adequate appreciation. In addition, the lack of career development opportunities and relevant training in the Logistics and Quality Control units made employees feel stagnant and unmotivated to improve their performance. 

Ineffective communication is one of the main problems that affect employee performance in various units, including Logistics, Quality Control, Finance, and Marketing. When communication between teams or departments is not smooth, important information is often not conveyed clearly or even lost in the middle of the road. This can lead to misunderstandings, duplication of tasks, or even conflict between employees. For example, in the Logistics unit, the lack of good coordination between the warehouse team and the distribution team often results in late delivery of goods, which has an impact on customer satisfaction. In addition, ineffective communication can also create obstacles in decision making. In the Finance unit, for example, financial reports that are not submitted on time or accurately can hinder the budget analysis and planning process. This not only affects work efficiency but can also lead to errors that have the potential to harm the company. Therefore, clear, transparent, and timely communication is essential to ensure a smooth and coordinated workflow.

Low employee motivation is another issue that has a significant impact on performance. Many employees feel underappreciated for their contributions, especially due to inconsistent reward and recognition systems. In the Finance unit, for example, employees who work overtime to complete financial reports often do not receive adequate appreciation. This can lead to feelings of being unappreciated and reduce their work morale. In addition, the lack of career development opportunities and relevant training also contribute to low employee motivation. In the Logistics unit, employees feel stagnant because there are no training programs that can help them improve their skills or achieve higher positions. This makes them feel like they don't have a clear career goal, which ultimately reduces their dedication and commitment to their work.

An unsupportive work environment is also a significant factor in reducing employee performance. Surveys show that some employees feel uncomfortable with the physical conditions of the workplace, such as non-ergonomic layout, poor ventilation, or inadequate facilities. In the Quality Control unit, for example, employees working in the production area often complain about noise and uncomfortable room temperatures, which can reduce their concentration and productivity. In addition to the physical aspect, a less collaborative work environment is also a problem. In the Marketing unit, rigid hierarchies and lack of space for open discussion make employees feel limited in conveying ideas or input. This can hinder innovation and creativity, which should be an added value in the marketing team. An unsupportive work environment not only affects individual performance, but can also create a work atmosphere that is disharmonious and stressful.

These three issues—ineffective communication, a less supportive work environment, and low employee motivation—are interrelated and can create a negative cycle that impacts overall performance. When communication is poor, the work environment is uncomfortable, and motivation is low, employees are more likely to experience stress, burnout, and decreased productivity. This not only impacts the individual, but also the team and the company as a whole.

Performance

Employee performance refers to the extent to which an employee is able to carry out his/her duties and responsibilities in accordance with the standards set by the company. This performance includes aspects of quantity, quality, timeliness, and effectiveness in completing work. Employee performance is not only measured based on the final result, but also the process taken to achieve that goal. In other words, employee performance is a reflection of an individual's contribution to achieving organizational goals. The concept of employee performance is based on three main elements: competence, motivation, and work environment. Competence includes the knowledge, skills, and abilities possessed by employees to complete their tasks. Motivation relates to internal and external drives that influence. employee morale. Meanwhile, the work environment includes external factors such as organizational culture, facilities, and support from management. These three elements interact with each other and determine the level of performance of an employee. Some factors that influence employee performance include leadership, reward systems, training, and communication. Effective leadership can motivate employees to work better, while a fair reward system can increase employee satisfaction and loyalty. Training and skills development are also important to ensure employees have the required competencies. In addition, good communication between teams and departments can minimize misunderstandings and improve work efficiency [1]. Optimal employee performance is very important for the success of the company because it directly affects the productivity, efficiency, and profitability of the organization. Employees who perform well not only complete tasks effectively, but also contribute to creating innovation and increasing customer satisfaction. In addition, high employee performance can create a positive work environment and encourage sustainable company growth [2]. To improve employee performance, companies can implement several strategies, such as providing regular training, creating a comfortable work environment, and implementing a fair reward system. Training helps employees develop new skills and improve their competencies. A comfortable and inclusive work environment can increase employee satisfaction and work enthusiasm. Meanwhile, a fair and transparent reward system can motivate employees to continue to provide their best contributions. By implementing this strategy, companies can ensure that employee performance remains optimal and in line with organizational goals [3]

Communication is the process of conveying information, ideas, or messages between two or more parties through various channels and media. In this context, communication is not only limited to verbal conversation but also includes body language, facial expressions, and the use of modern communication technology. The communication process involves a message sender who encodes the message, the channel used to convey the message, and the message recipient who will interpret and decode the message. A message can be oral, written, visual, or other non- verbal, which is delivered with the aim of influencing or providing information to other parties. In general, communication can be divided into verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication involves the use of words in written or spoken form, while non-verbal communication includes the use of body language, facial expressions, and movements that do not involve words. Both have an equally important role in the communication process, because they complement each other and strengthen understanding between the parties involved. In everyday life, these two types of communication go hand in hand, and sometimes the message conveyed is more influenced by non-verbal communication than verbal itself [2]. The concept of communication also includes interactions that occur in a social context. This process does not always focus on the transfer of information alone, but also on the formation of relationships, social influence, and the formation of perceptions. In social communication, there are elements that influence the course of communication, such as social norms, culture, and the psychological background of the individuals involved. These factors can enrich or hinder understanding between the sender and recipient of the message. Therefore, to understand communication as a whole, it is important to consider the social and cultural context that shapes the way people communicate. In addition, in the context of an organization, communication also plays a very important role in creating efficiency and productivity. In an organization, communication does not only occur between superiors and subordinates, but also between coworkers, clients, and business partners. Effective communication allows for a smooth flow of information, speeds up decision-making, and reduces the possibility of errors or misinterpretations. Therefore, many organizations invest in communication skills training to ensure that all members can communicate well and effectively [4]. The concept of communication also develops along with the development of technology. In the digital era, communication is no longer limited to face-to- face interactions or telephone conversations, but also includes various digital communication platforms such as email, text messages, social media, and instant messaging applications. This technology simplifies and accelerates the communication process,but also brings new challenges in terms of ethics and information management. One of the main issues that arise in digital communication is misinterpretation of messages, due to the lack of non-verbal cues that are often key to understanding messages correctly. On the other hand, communication can also function as a tool for resolving conflicts and building consensus. In many situations, open and honest communication can reduce tension and speed up the problem- solving process. One important aspect of effective communication is the ability to actively listen, namely listening attentively and providing appropriate responses. By actively listening, individuals can understand other people's points of view and find solutions that benefit both parties.

MOTIVATION

Employee work motivation refers to the drive or reasons that underlie a person to work hard and achieve certain goals in their work environment. This motivation can come from within the individual (intrinsic) or from external factors (extrinsic). In general, work motivation is the force that drives employees to act, strive, and remain consistent in carrying out their tasks, despite facing challenges or obstacles. The concept of work motivation is based on psychological and management theories that explain how and why a person is motivated. One of the best-known theories is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which states that humans are motivated to meet basic needs (such as physiological and safety) before achieving higher needs (such as esteem and self-actualization). Other theories, such as Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, distinguish between hygiene factors (such as salary and working conditions) that prevent dissatisfaction, and motivating factors (such as recognition and responsibility) that encourage job satisfaction . Work motivation can be divided into two main types: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation comes from within the individual, such as a sense of satisfaction after completing a task, personal interest in the job, or a desire to develop. Meanwhile, extrinsic motivation comes from external factors, such as financial incentives, job promotions, or recognition from superiors. These two types of motivation complement each other and can be used by companies to improve employee performance. Several factors that influence employee work motivation include the work environment, reward system, interpersonal relationships, and career development opportunities. A comfortable and supportive work environment can increase employee morale. A fair and transparent reward system, such as bonuses or awards, can motivate employees to work harder. Good interpersonal relationships with coworkers and superiors can also create a positive work atmosphere. In addition, career development and training opportunities can motivate employees to continue to improve their skills and competencies [5]. Work motivation has a significant impact on employee performance. Motivated employees tend to be more productive, creative, and committed in completing their tasks. They are also more likely to face challenges with a positive attitude and seek innovative solutions. Conversely, employees who are less motivated may show decreased productivity, absenteeism, or even a desire to resign. Therefore, maintaining and improving work motivation is an important step to ensure the success of the organization[1]. To improve employee work motivation, companies can implement several strategies,such as providing recognition and appreciation, creating an inclusive work environment, and providing career development opportunities. Recognition of employee achievements, either through direct praise or rewards, can increase their sense of appreciation and motivate them to continue to excel. An inclusive and collaborative work environment can make employees feel more comfortable and motivated. In addition, career development opportunities, such as training and promotions, can provide long-term goals that motivate employees to continue to grow and contribute to the company.

WORK ENVIRONMENT

The work environment refers to all physical, social, and cultural conditions around where someone works that can affect employee comfort, productivity, and well-being. The work environment includes various elements, ranging from the physical structure of the office space, the layout of the workplace, to the existing organizational culture. These factors can play a significant role in shaping the employee's work experience, both in terms of motivation, job satisfaction, and performance. A healthy and conducive work environment has the potential to increase effectiveness and work enthusiasm, while a bad environment can cause stress, discomfort, or even decreased performance. In general, the work environment can be divided into two main categories, namely the physical environment and the social environment. The physical environment includes elements that can be seen and felt directly, such as cleanliness, lighting, room temperature, desk layout, and facilities provided by the company. These physical factors greatly affect employee comfort in carrying out daily tasks. Meanwhile, the social environment includes relationships between employees, relationships between superiors and subordinates, and the overall atmosphere of the organization. Healthy and supportive relationships can create a sense of togetherness and good cooperation within the team. Good physical and social conditions will create a positive work atmosphere, which in turn will increase employee job satisfaction. This job satisfaction is directly related to employee retention rates, where a pleasant and supportive environment tends to reduce turnover rates. Conversely, an uncomfortable or stressful work environment can cause stress and fatigue, which ultimately affects employee productivity and mental health. Therefore, it is important for organizations to create and maintain a healthy work environment in order to optimize employee potential. Organizational culture also plays a key role in shaping the work environment. This culture includes the values, norms, and behaviors that develop within the organization. A work environment that has a positive culture, such as a culture of mutual respect, collaboration, and openness to new ideas, will encourage employees to innovate and contribute more to the company. Conversely, a culture full of unhealthy competition or discrimination can damage relationships between employees and create discomfort in the workplace, which ultimately affects individual and team performance. A good working environment should also pay attention to the balance between work and the personal life of employees. Policies that support flexible working hours, sufficient leave,and employee welfare programs can help them maintain this balance. This will have a positive impact on work performance because employees feel appreciated and have the space to manage their time efficiently. An environment that supports the mental and physical well-being of employees ultimately creates a more productive and harmonious work atmosphere. Finally, a safe work environment is also an important aspect that should not be ignored. Work safety includes all actions taken by the company to protect employees from the risk of accidents, illnesses, or other threats. This includes the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE), clear safety procedures, and training related to existing risks. A safe work environment not only protects employees physically, but also provides a sense of psychological security, which increases employee trust in the company and their ability to work better [7]

The Influence of Communication on Motivation

Communication plays a vital role in influencing individual motivation, especially within the context of an organization or workplace. Effective communication helps create a clear understanding of each individual’s goals, expectations, and roles. When employees feel that they are getting sufficient and transparent information from their superiors or coworkers, they tend to feel more valued and motivated to contribute more. Conversely, poor or unclear communication can lead to confusion about direction, lower morale, and even cause frustration among employees. In addition, open and two-way communication allows employees to feel more involved in the decision-making process. When they are given the opportunity to express their opinions, provide input, or simply share ideas, they feel valued and have a role in the development of the organization. This can increase their sense of ownership of their work and motivate them to work harder and more creatively. With in-depth communication, individuals will feel more empowered, which in turn increases their commitment to the organization’s goals. Feedback provided through communication also influences individual motivation. Constructivecommunication, whether in the form of appreciation for achievements or discussions about areas that need improvement, can motivate employees to develop further. Positive feedback encourages individuals to maintain their performance, while constructive feedback helps them understand what needs to be improved. Thus, structured and ongoing communication creates an environment that supports personal and team growth and motivation. Finally, effective communication can also strengthen social relationships between coworkers, which contributes to a positive work climate. When individuals feel comfortable communicating and interacting with their colleagues, it can reduce stress and increase morale. Employees who feel emotionally connected to their team tend to be more motivated to achieve common goals and work harder for the team's success. Therefore, communication that strengthens relationships between individuals is very important in maintaining high motivation in the workplace. This is supported by previous studies, namely research [7-9]

 which concluded that there is an influence of the work environment on motivation.

The Influence of Communication on Performance

Effective communication has a very significant impact on individual performance in an organization. When communication is good, the information needed to carry out tasks is easier to understand and access. Employees who receive clear instructions or directions can perform their tasks more efficiently and avoid mistakes caused by misinterpretation. Conversely, poor or ambiguous communication can lead to confusion about the direction and purpose of the work, leading to suboptimal performance and job dissatisfaction. In addition, open and two-way communication also allows individuals to clarify problems or questions they face in their work. This is very important in creating a better awareness of what is expected in each task. When employees feel that they can communicate with their superiors or coworkers to find solutions to obstacles they encounter, they are more likely to take more effective steps in completing tasks. Good communication creates a sense of confidence and support, which in turn improves overall performance.

Feedback provided through communication also plays a major role in improving individual performance. When an employee receives constructive feedback, whether it is about strengths or areas that need improvement, they have the opportunity to improve their performance in the future. Communication that involves clear and specific feedback allows individuals to evaluate themselves and determine the steps for improvement that need to be taken. Therefore, continuous and feedback-based communication is very helpful in achieving better and more sustainable performance. On the other hand, effective communication between team members also strengthens cooperation and coordination, which are directly related to team performance. When team members can share information, resources, and ideas openly with each other, they can work more efficiently in achieving common goals. Collaboration supported by good communication reduces the possibility of conflict and miscommunication, and improves collective problem solving. Therefore, harmonious communication between individuals and teams has a major impact on achieving goals and overall organizational performance. Research results [10-13] who found that there was an influence of communication on performance.

The Influence of Work Environment on Motivation

The work environment has a significant influence on employee motivation in carrying out their duties. When the work environment is supportive, both physically and socially, employees feel more comfortable and motivated to give their best. Factors such as cleanliness, comfortable workspace, and adequate facilities can create an atmosphere that supports productivity. Conversely, a work environment that is not well organized, dirty, or uncomfortable can reduce employee enthusiasm and motivation. Therefore, companies need to ensure that their work environment is adequate to support employee comfort so that they can work optimally. In addition to physical factors, social aspects in the work environment also play an important role in shaping employee motivation. Good relationships between coworkers, as well as open communication with superiors, create a positive atmosphere. When employees feel appreciated and accepted in the team, they will be more motivated to contribute optimally. This supportive work atmosphere strengthens the sense of togetherness and mutual support among employees, which can directly increase their motivation in achieving common goals.

A safe working environment also has a big influence on motivation. Employees who feel safe, both physically and psychologically, will be more motivated to work with more focus. Conversely, uncertainty or fear of potential danger can reduce employee morale. Therefore, it is important for companies to provide adequate occupational safety and health facilities, as well as create an atmosphere free from pressure or intimidation, so that employees can work comfortably and motivated. On the other hand, companies that pay more attention to employee welfare through welfare and self-development programs can increase work motivation. By providing space for career development, training, or work-life balance programs, employees feel that the company cares about their needs. This creates loyalty and a higher sense of responsibility towards work, which in turn will increase their motivation and performance.

The Influence of Work Environment on Performance

The work environment has a significant impact on individual performance in an organization. A comfortable, clean, and well-organized environment can improve employee focus and efficiency in completing their tasks. For example, a workspace that has adequate lighting, good ventilation, and adequate facilities can reduce distractions and make employees feel more productive. Conversely, a poor work environment, such as a stuffy, disorganized, or noisy space, can cause stress and discomfort, which can potentially reduce work performance. In addition to physical factors, the social environment in the workplace also greatly influences employee performance. Good and supportive relationships between coworkers will create a positive atmosphere and encourage work enthusiasm. Employees who feel appreciated and have harmonious working relationships with their colleagues tend to be more motivated and better able to work together as a team. Conversely, a work environment that is full of unhealthy competition or conflict between individuals can cause a decrease in morale, disrupt collaboration, and ultimately affect overall performance. Employee well-being is also affected by the work environment, which in turn impacts their productivity and performance. If the organization provides facilities that support work-life balance, such as flexible working hours policies or employee welfare programs, employees will feel more appreciated and less burdened. Employees who feel physically and mentally healthy are more likely to have high performance and can work more focused. Conversely, a work environment that does not pay attention to employee well-being can cause fatigue, stress, and reduce long-term performance. Finally, the organizational culture formed in the work environment also plays an important role in employee performance. A culture that supports innovation, openness, and mutual respect will motivate employees to give their best contribution. In a work environment like this, employees are more enthusiastic about facing challenges and trying to achieve common goals. Conversely, a culture that is rigid, full of excessive hierarchy, or lacks appreciation for individual contributions can hinder creativity and work enthusiasm, which ultimately has a negative impact on performance. Research results [14-16] who concluded that the work environment influences performance.

The Influence of Motivation on Performance

Work motivation has a very significant influence on individual performance in an organization. Employees who are highly motivated tend to be more enthusiastic about achieving goals and completing tasks well. They will be more proactive in completing work and finding solutions to the problems they face. Strong motivation encourages employees to work more efficiently, prioritize quality, and strive to achieve higher standards, which directly improves their performance. Conversely, employees who are less motivated tend to show low performance and are less enthusiastic about working. In addition, work motivation also plays a role in increasing commitment to work and the organization. Employees who feel motivated will be more committed to achieving organizational goals and feel they have an important role in the success of the organization. This high commitment is reflected in consistent performance and better achievements, because the employee feels involved and responsible for the success of the team or company. Conversely, lack of motivation can lead to absenteeism, low quality of work, and increased turnover rates in the organization.

Intrinsic motivation, which is motivation that comes from within an individual, can have a positive effect on long-term performance. When someone feels challenged, satisfied, or gets a sense of accomplishment from the work itself, they are more likely to give their best effort. Intrinsically motivated employees not only work to get external rewards, but also to satisfy their personal needs, such as pride or recognition for their hard work. This type of motivation can result in more sustainable and more creative performance over the long term. On the other hand, extrinsic motivation, which comes from external factors such as awards, bonuses, or promotions, can also affect performance, especially in the short term. When employees are given attractive incentives or rewards, they feel appreciated and tend to try harder to achieve organizational goals. However, excessive extrinsic motivation without being supported by intrinsic motivation can reduce job satisfaction in the long term, because employees may only focus on achieving external rewards, not on the meaning or value of the work itself. Therefore, a balanced combination of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation will have a greater impact on improving employee. performance. Research results [17-24] who concluded that motivation has an effect on performance. The Influence of Communication on Performance Through Motivation.

Effective communication can impact performance by increasing employee motivation. When communication in the workplace is smooth, employees feel more connected to the goals and vision of the organization. Clear and open communication provides a better understanding of the expectations that superiors have, as well as how their contributions can affect the achievement of those goals. When employees feel that they have a significant role in the organization and that those goals are well communicated, they are more motivated to do their best in their work, which in turn improves performance. In addition, open communication allows superiors to provide constructive feedback to employees. Feedback received in a positive manner can increase employee motivation to perform better. Employees who receive recognition for their achievements feel valued and acknowledged, which encourages them to continue improving their performance. Conversely, a lack of communication or inadequate feedback can leave employees feeling unappreciated or confused about how they can improve their performance, which can decrease motivation and, ultimately, performance.

Communication also plays a role in creating a supportive work environment. When communication between coworkers is good, it creates positive and supportive relationships between individuals, which can increase their motivation to work together to achieve common goals. This harmonious environment allows each individual to feel more comfortable sharing ideas, asking for help when needed, or providing support to each other. This good work environment will contribute to increased morale and motivation, which will be reflected in higher performance. Finally, effective communication also serves as a means to motivate employees in facing challenges or changes. When there is a change in the organization, such as a change in policy or strategy, clear and transparent communication about the reasons and benefits of the change will help employees feel more prepared and motivated to adapt. Good communication in situations of change can reduce anxiety and uncertainty, and give employees the confidence to face new challenges. Thus, effective communication supports the motivation needed to overcome obstacles, which has a direct impact on improving performance. This is supported by previous research, namely research [25] conducted research on the influence of communication on performance through motivation. The results of the study concluded that there is an influence of communication on performance through motivation.

The Influence of Work Environment on Performance Through Motivation

A conducive work environment can improve employee performance through a positive influence on motivation. When the physical environment of the workplace is comfortable, clean, and well-organized, employees feel more at home and focused on their work. A supportive atmosphere, such as adequate lighting, comfortable temperature, and adequate facilities, can reduce stress and provide a sense of comfort for employees. Thus, employees become more motivated to work optimally, because they feel cared for and appreciated by the organization, which in turn increases their productivity and performance. In addition to physical factors, good social relationships in the workplace also play an important role in increasing motivation. An environment that supports harmonious working relationships between superiors and subordinates and between coworkers will create a sense of mutual trust and good cooperation. When employees feel accepted and appreciated in the team, they tend to be more motivated to contribute more to their work. This socially supportive work environment will strengthen their intrinsic motivation, because they feel that their efforts are appreciated and that they have an important role in achieving organizational goals.

Employee well-being that is considered in the work environment can also increase motivation, which ultimately has a positive impact on performance. Organizations that provide well-being policies, such as good work-life balance, mental health programs, and opportunities for self-development, show concern for the well-being of their employees. When employees feel that the organization supports their well-being, they will feel more motivated and enthusiastic in carrying out their duties. Maintained well-being makes employees feel more energetic, focused, and ready to work productively, so that their performance increases. A safe and threat-free work environment is also important in motivating employees. When employees feel safe both physically and psychologically, they will be more motivated to work optimally. Conversely, an environment full of stress, conflict, or uncertainty can reduce motivation and decrease performance. Therefore, creating a work environment that supports a sense of safety, both physically and emotionally, will motivate employees to work better and improve their overall performance. The results of previous research, namely research [26] revealed the influence of communication on performance through motivation.

This research method uses an associative approach, which aims to determine the direct and indirect influence between exogenous (independent) variables and endogenous (dependent) variables. This approach allows researchers to analize the causal relationship between variables, so that they can identify the extent to which one variable affects another. Data collection was carried out through two main techniques, namely interviews and distributing a list of questions (questionnaires). Interviews were used to obtain in-depth information from respondents, while questionnaires aimed to collect quantitative data that could be processed statistically. The population in this study included all employees in the Logistics, Quality Control, Finance, and Marketing units, with a total sample of 40 people. This sample selection was carried out to ensure that the data obtained was representative and could describe the actual conditions in the field.

Data processing in this study used SPSS 19 software, which allows researchers to conduct comprehensive statistical analysis. Descriptive analysis is used to describe the characteristics of respondents and research variables, such as frequency distribution, mean, and standard deviation. Furthermore, hypothesis testing is carried out using the path analysis method, which aims to test the causal relationship between variables and measure the magnitude of direct and indirect influences. The path analysis method was chosen because of its ability to map the complex relationships between exogenous and endogenous variables, thus providing a clearer picture of the dynamics that occur. With this approach, research is expected to provide accurate and relevant findings to answer research questions and provide useful recommendations for the company. 

Research result

This study uses path analysis to identify the relationship between communication, environment, work motivation, and performance variables. Path analysis allows researchers to understand the direct and indirect influences between variables in a model. In this study, the first path analysis model equation is MOT = 0.373 KOM + 0.527 LINK + ε1, which shows that work motivation (MOT) is influenced by communication (KOM) and work environment (LINK), with path coefficients of 0.373 and 0.527, respectively.

The second equation is KIN = 0.508 MOT + 0.154 KOM + 0.262 LINK + ε2, which shows that performance (KIN) is influenced by work motivation (MOT), communication (KOM), and work environment (LINK). The path coefficient in this equation shows a significant influence of work motivation on performance, with a value of 0.508, while communication and environment also contribute to performance although smaller.

In this study, the direct effect between communication (COM) and work motivation (MOT) was obtained with a path coefficient of 0.372, indicating a significant positive relationship. The probability value (sig) of 0.001 indicates that the effect of communication on employee work motivation is statistically significant. This means that if the quality of communication in the organization increases, employee work motivation will also increase. This positive effect reflects the importance of clear and open communication in the workplace, where good communication can improve understanding between superiors and subordinates, as well as strengthen relationships between co-workers. With effective communication, employees feel more informed and appreciated, which motivates them to perform better. Therefore, organizations need to ensure that communication channels between various parties run smoothly to maintain and improve employee work motivation.

The direct influence of the environment (LINK) on motivation (MOT) shows a path coefficient value of 0.527, which is also positive and significant with a probability value (sig) of 0.000. This higher value indicates that the work environment has a greater influence on motivation compared to communication. A supportive environment, both physically and socially, is very important in increasing employee motivation. A comfortable, safe working atmosphere, and adequate facilities can help employees feel more appreciated and enthusiastic in carrying out their duties. A conducive work environment can create a higher sense of loyalty among employees, which has an impact on improving their performance. Therefore, companies must pay attention to aspects of the work environment to create conditions that support employee motivation and performance.

The path coefficient for the direct effect of communication (OC) on performance (KIN) is 0.154, which is positive although not significant with a probability value (sig) of 0.073. Although the coefficient value indicates that good communication has the potential to improve performance, a sig value greater than 0.05 indicates that this relationship is not significant in the context of this study. This could indicate that although communication plays a role in improving understanding and cooperation, its direct effect on individual performance may be influenced by other factors, such as motivation or work environment. Therefore, although communication is important, its impact on performance may not be as strong as the influence of motivation or work environment, which more directly affect employee productivity.

The direct influence of the environment (LINK) on performance (KIN) shows a path coefficient of 0.262, which is positive and significant with a probability value (sig) of 0.010. This value indicates that the work environment has a significant influence on employee performance. A conducive and supportive environment allows employees to work more efficiently and effectively, which has a direct impact on improving their performance. Factors such as cleanliness, comfort, and good facilities, as well as harmonious relationships between employees, all play a role in creating a positive work atmosphere. As a result, a good environment will encourage employees to work harder and achieve organizational goals better. This shows that optimal work environment management can significantly improve employee performance.

The direct effect of work motivation (MOT) on performance (KIN) shows a path coefficient of 0.508, which is positive and significant with a probability value (sig) of 0.000. This significant value indicates that employee work motivation has a very large influence on their performance. Motivated employees tend to work harder, focus more, and strive to achieve organizational goals more effectively. High motivation makes employees feel more responsible for their work, which in turn improves their performance. Therefore, organizations need to pay more attention to the aspect of work motivation, either through awards, recognition, or incentives, so that employees remain motivated to give their best in their work.

The indirect effect of communication (OC) on performance (KIN) through work motivation (MOT) is calculated by multiplying the path coefficient between communication (p1 = 0.154) and motivation (p5 = 0.508), resulting in a value of 0.078232. Although this value indicates a positive effect, a comparison with the direct effect of communication on performance (p6 = 0.154) shows that the indirect effect is smaller. Thus, work motivation does not act as a strong mediator between communication and performance. This indicates that although good communication can increase motivation, the direct effect of communication on performance is greater. Therefore, although work motivation can strengthen the effect of communication on performance, communication itself remains a more dominant factor in improving performance.

The indirect effect of the environment (LINK) on performance (KIN) through work motivation (MOT) is calculated by multiplying the path coefficient between the environment (p2 = 0.262) and motivation (p5 = 0.508), resulting in a value of 0.15165. Although this effect is positive, a comparison with the direct effect of the environment on performance (p3 = 0.262) shows that the direct effect is greater. This indicates that work motivation does not act as a significant mediator between the environment and performance. A supportive work environment directly affects employee performance without the need for work motivation as an intermediary. This indicates that although motivation has a positive impact, the environmental factor itself is more dominant in influencing employee performance.

The Influence of Communication on Motivation

Based on the results of the regression analysis, it was found that the t-value for communication (KOM) was 3.478, greater than the t-table value of 1.68385, and the significance value (sig) was 0.001 which was smaller than 0.05. This shows that the communication variable has a significant effect on work motivation (MOT). This means that good and effective communication can increase employee work motivation. One of the main skills that a leader must have in an organization is the ability to communicate clearly and effectively. Communication plays a vital role in influencing individual motivation, especially within the context of an organization or workplace. Effective communication helps create a clear understanding of each individual’s goals, expectations, and roles. When employees feel that they are getting sufficient and transparent information from their superiors or co-workers, they tend to feel more valued and motivated to contribute more. Conversely, poor or unclear communication can lead to confusion about direction, lower morale, and even cause frustration among employees. In addition, open and two-way communication allows employees to feel more involved in the decision-making process. When they are given the opportunity to express their opinions, provide input, or simply share ideas, they feel valued and have a role in the development of the organization. This can increase their sense of ownership of their work and motivate them to work harder and more creatively. With in-depth communication, individuals will feel more empowered, which in turn increases their commitment to the organization’s goals. Feedback provided through communication also influences individual motivation. Constructive communication, whether in the form of appreciation for achievements or discussions about areas that need improvement, can motivate employees to develop further. Positive feedback encourages individuals to maintain their performance, while constructive feedback helps them understand what needs to be improved. Thus, structured and ongoing communication creates an environment that supports personal and team growth and motivation. Finally, effective communication can also strengthen social relationships between co-workers, which contributes to a positive work climate. When individuals feel comfortable communicating and interacting with their colleagues, this can reduce stress and increase morale. Employees who feel emotionally connected to their team tend to be more motivated to achieve common goals and work harder for the team's success. Therefore, communication that strengthens relationships between individuals is very important in maintaining high motivation in the workplace. The results of this study are also supported by the findings of [2], which emphasize the importance of effective communication in increasing employee work motivation.

The Influence of Work Environment on Motivation

The results of the regression analysis show that the t-count for the work environment (LINK) is 4.580, which is greater than the t-table value of 1.68385, with a significance value (sig) of 0.000, which is less than 0.05. This shows that the work environment has a significant influence on work motivation. The work environment has a significant influence on employee motivation in carrying out their duties. When the work environment is supportive, both physically and socially, employees feel more comfortable and motivated to give their best. Factors such as cleanliness, comfort of the work space, and adequate facilities can create an atmosphere that supports productivity. Conversely, a work environment that is not well organized, dirty, or uncomfortable can reduce employee enthusiasm and motivation. Therefore, companies need to ensure that their work environment is adequate to support employee comfort so that they can work optimally. In addition to physical factors, social aspects in the work environment also play an important role in shaping employee motivation. Good relationships between co-workers, as well as open communication with superiors, create a positive atmosphere. When employees feel appreciated and accepted in the team, they will be more motivated to contribute optimally. This supportive work environment strengthens the sense of togetherness and mutual support among employees, which can directly increase their motivation in achieving common goals. A safe work environment also greatly influences motivation. Employees who feel safe, both physically and psychologically, will be more motivated to work with more focus. Conversely, uncertainty or fear of potential danger can reduce employee morale. Therefore, it is important for companies to provide adequate occupational safety and health facilities, as well as create an atmosphere free from pressure or intimidation, so that employees can work comfortably and motivated. On the other hand, companies that pay more attention to employee welfare through welfare and self-development programs can increase work motivation. By providing space for career development, training, or work-life balance programs, employees feel that the company cares about their needs. This creates loyalty and a higher sense of responsibility for work, which in turn will increase their motivation and performance. states that the work environment includes various physical and non-physical aspects that affect employees in carrying out their work. The results of this study are also in line with the research findings of which show that a good work environment has a significant effect on employee work motivation.

The Influence of Communication on Performance

Based on the results of the regression analysis, it was found that the t-value for communication (KOM) on performance (KIN) was 1.844, which was greater than the t-table value of 1.68385, but the significance value (sig) of 0.073 was greater than 0.05, indicating that the effect of communication on performance was not significant. Although communication has a positive relationship with performance, a significance value higher than 0.05 indicates that the effect of communication on performance cannot be considered significant in this study.Effective communication has a very significant impact on individual performance in an organization. When communication is good, the information needed to carry out tasks is easier to understand and access. Employees who receive clear instructions or directions can perform their tasks more efficiently and avoid mistakes caused by misinterpretation. Conversely, poor or ambiguous communication can lead to confusion about the direction and purpose of the work, leading to suboptimal performance and job dissatisfaction. In addition, open and two-way communication also allows individuals to clarify problems or questions they face in the work. This is very important in creating a better awareness of what is expected in each task. When employees feel that they can communicate with their superiors or coworkers to find solutions to obstacles they encounter, they are more likely to take more effective steps in completing tasks. Good communication creates a sense of confidence and support, which in turn improves overall performance. Feedback provided through communication also plays a big role in improving individual performance. When an employee receives constructive feedback, whether it is about strengths or areas that need improvement, they have the opportunity to improve their performance in the future. Communication involving clear and specific feedback allows individuals to evaluate themselves and determine the steps for improvement that need to be taken. Therefore, continuous and feedback-based communication is very helpful in achieving better and more sustainable performance. On the other hand, effective communication between team members also strengthens cooperation and coordination, which are directly related to team performance. When team members can share information, resources, and ideas openly with each other, they can work more efficiently in achieving common goals. Collaboration supported by good communication reduces the possibility of conflict and miscommunication, and improves collective problem solving. Therefore, harmonious communication between individuals and teams has a major impact on the achievement of goals and overall organizational performance. Although effective communication can improve work relationships, the results of this study indicate that the direct effect of communication on employee performance is not significant, which is different from the findings of [10-12], who found a significant effect of communication on performance.

The Influence of Work Environment on Performance

The results of the regression analysis show that the t-value for the work environment (LINK) on performance (KIN) is 2.706, which is greater than the t-table value of 1.68385, but the significance value (sig) for the work environment is 0.10, which is greater than 0.05. This shows that although the work environment has an influence on performance, the influence is not significant in this study.The work environment has a significant impact on individual performance in an organization. A comfortable, clean, and well-organized environment can improve employee focus and efficiency in completing their tasks. For example, a workspace that has adequate lighting, good ventilation, and adequate facilities can reduce distractions and make employees feel more productive. Conversely, a poor work environment, such as a stuffy, disorganized, or noisy room, can cause stress and discomfort, which can potentially reduce work performance. In addition to physical factors, the social environment in the workplace also greatly influences employee performance. Good and supportive relationships between coworkers will create a positive atmosphere and encourage work enthusiasm. Employees who feel appreciated and have harmonious working relationships with their colleagues tend to be more motivated and better able to work together in a team. Conversely, a work environment that is full of unhealthy competition or conflict between individuals can cause a decrease in morale, disrupt collaboration, and ultimately affect overall performance. Employee well-being is also affected by the work environment, which in turn has an impact on their productivity and performance. If the organization provides facilities that support work-life balance, such as flexible working time policies or employee welfare programs, employees will feel more appreciated and less burdened. Employees who feel physically and mentally healthy are more likely to have high performance and can work more focused. Conversely, a work environment that does not pay attention to employee well-being can cause fatigue, stress, and reduce long- term performance. Finally, the organizational culture formed in the work environment also plays an important role in employee performance. A culture that supports innovation, openness, and mutual respect will motivate employees to give their best contribution. In a work environment like this, employees are more enthusiastic about facing challenges and trying to achieve common goals. Conversely, a culture that is rigid, full of excessive hierarchy, or lacks appreciation for individual contributions can hinder creativity and work enthusiasm, which ultimately has a negative impact on performance. The results of this study are in line with the research of [14,15,27] which concluded that the work environment affects employee performance.

The Influence of Motivation on Performance

The results of the regression analysis show that the t-value for motivation (MOT) on performance (KIN) is 4.671, which is greater than the t-table value of 1.68385, and the significance value (sig) is 0.00 which is less than 0.05, which indicates that work motivation has a significant effect on performance.Work motivation has a very significant influence on individual performance in an organization. Employees who are highly motivated tend to be more enthusiastic about achieving goals and completing tasks well. They will be more proactive in completing work and finding solutions to the problems they face. Strong motivation encourages employees to work more efficiently, prioritize quality, and strive to achieve higher standards, which directly improves their performance. Conversely, employees who are less motivated tend to show low performance and are less enthusiastic about working. In addition, work motivation also plays a role in increasing commitment to work and the organization. Employees who feel motivated will be more committed to achieving organizational goals and feel they have an important role in the success of the organization. This high commitment is reflected in consistent performance and better achievements, because the employee feels involved and responsible for the success of the team or company. Conversely, lack of motivation can lead to absenteeism, low quality of work, and increased turnover rates in the organization. Intrinsic motivation, which is motivation that comes from within the individual, can have a positive effect on long-term performance. When someone feels challenged, satisfied, or gets a sense of accomplishment from the work itself, they are more likely to give their best effort. Intrinsically motivated employees not only work to get external rewards, but also to satisfy their personal needs, such as a sense of pride or recognition for their hard work. This type of motivation can result in more sustainable and more creative performance in the long term. On the other hand, extrinsic motivation, which comes from external factors such as awards, bonuses, or promotions, can also affect performance, especially in the short term. When employees are given attractive incentives or rewards, they feel appreciated and tend to try harder to achieve organizational goals. However, excessive extrinsic motivation without being supported by intrinsic motivation can reduce job satisfaction in the long term, because employees may only focus on achieving external rewards, not on the meaning or value of the work itself. Therefore, a balanced combination of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation will have a greater impact on improving employee performance. The results of this study are in line with the findings of [17,19-22,24] who concluded that work motivation has a significant effect on employee performance.

The Influence of Communication on Performance through Motivation

From the results obtained, the indirect effect of communication (KOM) on performance (KIN) through motivation (MOT) shows a significant effect. The value of the indirect effect is greater than the direct effect between communication and performance. This indicates that motivation acts as a mediator in the relationship between communication and performance.Effective communication can impact performance by increasing employee motivation. When communication in the workplace is smooth, employees feel more connected to the goals and vision of the organization. Clear and open communication provides a better understanding of the expectations that superiors have, as well as how their contributions can affect the achievement of those goals. When employees feel that they have a significant role in the organization and that those goals are well communicated, they are more motivated to do their best in their jobs, which in turn improves performance. In addition, open communication allows superiors to provide constructive feedback to employees. Feedback received in a positive manner can increase employee motivation to perform better. Employees who receive recognition for their accomplishments feel valued and acknowledged, which encourages them to continue to improve their performance. Conversely, a lack of communication or inadequate feedback can leave employees feeling unappreciated or confused about how they can improve their performance, which can decrease motivation and, ultimately, performance. Communication also plays a role in creating a supportive work environment. When communication between coworkers is good, it creates positive and supportive relationships between individuals, which can increase their motivation to work together toward common goals. This harmonious environment allows each individual to feel more comfortable sharing ideas, asking for help when needed, or providing support to each other. This good working atmosphere will contribute to increased morale and motivation, which will be reflected in higher performance. Finally, effective communication also serves as a means to motivate employees in facing challenges or changes. When there is a change in the organization, such as a change in policy or strategy, clear and transparent communication about the reasons and benefits of the change will help employees feel more prepared and motivated to adapt. Good communication in a change situation can reduce anxiety and uncertainty, and give employees the confidence to face new challenges. Thus, effective communication supports the motivation needed to overcome obstacles, which has a direct impact on improving performance. The results of this study support the findings of [25], which show that communication can affect performance through motivation.

The Influence of Work Environment on Performance through Motivation

From the results obtained, the indirect influence of the work environment (LINK) on performance (KIN) through motivation (MOT) also shows a significant influence. This indirect influence is greater than the direct influence between the work environment and performance.Aconducive work environment can improve employee performance through a positive influence on motivation. When the physical environment of the workplace is comfortable, clean, and well-organized, employees feel more at home and focused on their work. A supportive atmosphere, such as adequate lighting, comfortable temperature, and adequate facilities, can reduce stress and provide a sense of comfort for employees. Thus, employees become more motivated to work optimally, because they feel cared for and appreciated by the organization, which in turn increases their productivity and performance. In addition to physical factors, good social relationships in the workplace also play an important role in increasing motivation. An environment that supports harmonious working relationships between superiors and subordinates and between coworkers will create a sense of mutual trust and good cooperation. When employees feel accepted and appreciated in the team, they tend to be more motivated to contribute more to their work. This socially supportive work environment will strengthen their intrinsic motivation, because they feel that their efforts are appreciated and that they have an important role in achieving organizational goals. Employee welfare that is considered in the work environment can also increase motivation, which ultimately has a positive impact on performance. Organizations that provide well-being policies, such as good work-life balance, mental health programs, and opportunities for personal development, show concern for the well-being of their employees. When employees feel that the organization supports their well- being, they will feel more motivated and enthusiastic in carrying out their duties. Maintaining well-being makes employees feel more energetic, focused, and ready to work productively, thus increasing their performance. A safe and threat-free work environment is also important in motivating employees. When employees feel safe both physically and psychologically, they will be more motivated to work optimally. Conversely, an environment full of stress, conflict, or uncertainty can reduce motivation and decrease performance. Therefore, creating a work environment that supports a sense of safety, both physically and emotionally, will motivate employees to work better and improve their overall performance. The results of this study are in line with the findings of [26], which show that the work environment affects performance through motivation. Therefore, companies need to pay attention to the conditions of the work environment to create an atmosphere that supports employee motivation and performance.

Based on the results of the analysis that have been presented, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between communication and work environment on employee motivation. This study also shows that although communication has an effect on motivation, its effect on performance is not significant. On the other hand, work environment and motivation have been proven to have a significant effect on employee performance. However, the results of this study also reveal that motivation does not function as a mediator in the relationship between communication and work environment on performance. Thus, although motivation has an effect on performance, it does not mediate the effect of communication and work environment. Based on these findings, the author provides several suggestions for PT. Etos Nasional, especially in the Logistics, Quality Control, Finance, and Marketing units. The company is advised to improve the quality of communication between departments, so that employees feel more appreciated and motivated. In addition, the company also needs to create a better and more comfortable work environment, in order to support optimal performance. Leaders in these units are expected to pay more attention to employee welfare, give awards for their achievements, and create a work atmosphere that supports productivity. This is important so that employees can work more effectively and make maximum contributions to the success of the company.

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest

No funding sources

The study was approved by the University of August 17, 1945 Semarang, Indonesia Jl. Pemuda No. 70, Pandansari, Central Semarang, Semarang City, Central Java 50133.

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