Key findings:

The study revealed that rural youth in Sidoarjo Regency perceive agricultural sector work poorly, with discomfort in work conditions, unfavorable income perception, and low social status perception. Despite moderate interest, negative influences from age and family background impact youth perceptions, while positive factors include socialization, parental influence, and access to information. These perceptions significantly affect youth interest in agricultural sector work.

What is known and what is new?

The study recognizes the existing problem of diminishing interest among Indonesian youth in agricultural sector jobs, especially in Sidoarjo Regency. The novel contribution lies in the comprehensive examination of youth perceptions, revealing discomfort with working conditions, unfavorable income expectations, and perceptions of low social status. The study also identifies factors influencing youth interest, providing valuable insights for addressing this trend.

What is the implication, and what should change now?

The study's findings imply a pressing need for interventions to revitalize youth interest in agricultural sector work in Indonesia, particularly in Sidoarjo Regency. This could involve targeted efforts to improve working conditions, enhance income prospects, and elevate the social status associated with agricultural jobs. Additionally, promoting agricultural education and training programs tailored to youth preferences and needs could help rejuvenate the sector.

Sector agriculture hold role important in Indonesia 's economy and development, sector agriculture is one capable sector survive the situation the Covid 19 pandemic, while sector other down sector agriculture precisely capable survive, that showed exports in 2020 reached 451.8 trillion or up 15.79 percent if compared with 2019 which was only 390.6 trillion [1]. Threat are you serious for continuity sector agriculture in Indonesia namely there is potency loss profession farmers in Indonesia, the caused moment this youth is not again interested to profession as farmers and more choose work in the non- agricultural sector, the drawn clear from the data from the Central Statistics Agency (Mahdi, 2022) [2] in figure 1.1, the percentage of youth working in the agriculture Keep going experience decline in period time ten year last (2011-2021).

According to data from the Central Statistics Agency in 2018 listed in Figure 1.2, the structure power work farmer dominated by residents age elderly (45-54 years) of 9.19 million soul, an extremely domineering amount if our compare with farmer with group 25 years old to bottom ones only of 885,077 souls. Refer to the data so no surprising if the National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas) predicts that if Thing this Keep going continues then at 42 years future in Indonesia no there is again working as farmer. Indeed push youth participation in field agriculture will give opportunity jobs that youth really need, and can spur necessary innovation and growth for reduce poverty in the countryside, youth have to play role important in guard security food for self alone and for generation next, because youth has superiority comparative from facet flexibility and commitment, however unfortunately, the youth think sector agriculture not enough worthy or interesting for made eye livelihood, they migrate to city for look for more productivity height and job with more wages good [3].

At a minimum youth engagement and regeneration farmer is problem happened globally, no only in Indonesia. Occur decline youth interest in Becomes worker sector agriculture although large land agriculture relatively stable, phenomenon the no only related with the reluctance of youth originating from family farmer just but also shaped by the values that apply to the family and society agriculture in general among them is image that sector agriculture tight relation with the world of men, poverty, education low, and level break high school in the family farmers [4]. At a minimum the proportion of youth in structure power work farmer occurred in all districts in the district Sidoarjo, including in the District Sidoarjo alone, only 1.87 percent farmers in the District Sidoarjo which is in the range age young (16-30 years).

Most youth are lacking interested to profession sector agriculture and more choose non- agricultural sector for made eye livelihoods (Mukembo et al, 2014; Douglas et al, 2017; Yeboah, 2020) [5-7] such as what was said Rahmawati (2017) in her research, that in a manner general youth more choose non- agricultural work for made as tool Fulfill needs alive, the youth looked non-agricultural work more promises a brighter future good if compared with sector jobs agriculture, for youth jobs sector agriculture tight relation with profession physical, no relying work thought. Impression about clean non-farm jobs, deliver more income height and position more prestigious attract young people for make it eye livelihood main. Limited land agriculture, opening opportunity obtain outside job agriculture, and increasingly increasing youth education as well the results obtained from activity agriculture not enough erratic form youth 's view of profession sector agriculture as less work promise.

Youth has perception pessimistic to ability agriculture in increase standard life them it drawn from minimal youth involvement in field agriculture [8-10]. In line with what is stated Susilowati (2016) [11], a lot reason reason decline interest power work in the sector agriculture especially that is image sector less agriculture prestigious and less can give reward or adequate income. Work sector agriculture for rural youth the more no have power pull, the caused because in a manner economy income from sector growing agriculture no promisingly, youth aversion is also influenced by subcultures new developments in the digital era such as now. Phenomenon the more decline interest power work young for work in the sector agriculture have consequence for continuity sector agriculture in the future, because burden sector agriculture will the moreheavy with increase amount population and increase Request food so that enhancement production and productivity Becomes factor key [11].

Based on the phenomenon such, then study related with youth perception of profession sector agriculture, youth interest in profession sector agriculture, influencing factors formation perception and influence perception to youth interest in profession sector agriculture looked at need held for reveal reality on problem low youth participation in sector agriculture especially in the District Sidoarjo and Regency Sidoarjo in general. This study aims to analyze the influencing factors youth perception of profession sector agriculture and to analyze the influence of perceptions on youth interest in agricultural sector jobs in Sidoarjo District, Sidoarjo Regency .

Research location chosen purposively is Subdistrict Sidoarjo chosen researcher with reason Subdistrict Sidoarjo is center from Regency Sidoarjo, what happened in the District Sidoarjo is reflection from Regency Sidoarjo in other words District Sidoarjo is face from Regency Sidoarjo, development other districts in the district Sidoarjo sure will like what happened in the District sidoarjo moment this and though be in the middle its massive existence housing and factories however still is an area that has group still farmer active, and can maintain land his farm. Population in assessment this is all youth aged 16 to with 30 years domiciled in the District Sidoarjo, existing youth location study numbered 69,270 souls. The technique of determining the respondents was carried out through non-random sampling techniques, namely by using quota sampling techniques (quota samples). Sample research taken is a young man who comes from village in the District Sidoarjo, the selected location is still location have land agriculture, samples shared in a manner proportional refers to area land at each location village. On research this sample used is 100 (one hundred) meaning amount sample used has exceed minimum criteria.

Table 1. Total sample of Youth Age 16-30 Years in the District Sidoarjo

(Source : Secondary Data Analysis , 2020)

To answer the objective, namely to analyze the factors that influence youth perceptions of agricultural sector jobs, and the influence of perceptions on youth interest in agricultural sector jobs by youth in Sidoarjo District, this research was conducted using the SEM-PLS multivariate analysis method using the WarpPLS 7.0 program.

The analysis is intended to determine the factors that influence the formation of youth perceptions of work in the agricultural sector and at the same time to find out whether there is an influence of youth perceptions on youth interest in jobs in that sector. PLS-SEM analysis is used because this analysis is able to measure latent variables that cannot be measured directly, and is able to analyze complex research models, is able to estimate models simultaneously (simultaneously) and is able to take into account measurement errors of latent variables [12,13].

Ghozali (2021) [14] in his book suggests that there are 4 (four) main reasons for using PLS-SEM, namely First, PLS_SEM can test the relationship between variables that cannot be measured directly (Latent Variables) with a high level of complexity due to the large number of constructs and indicators used . Second, the PLS-SEM analysis in its use of data does not require data to be normally distributed, and can accommodate various data scales (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio), can be used on small sample sizes. PLS-SEM can provide accurate results even though the number of constructs in the model is large and minimal theoretical support. Third, the basic concept and design of the PLS approach has been tested. Fourth, today we can find various PLS software that are easy to use and supported by complete features for analysis purposes.

Influencing Factors Youth Perceptions of Work Sector Agriculture in the District Sidoarjo Regency Sidoarjo

1. Age 

Age is the life time that a person has passed since birth until now. Respondents in this study were youth in the age range of 16 to 30 years in the Sidoarjo District area.

Table 2. Respondent Data Study based on Age

(Source: Primary Data Processing, 2022)

From table 2 can looks young man who became respondent in study this majority is in the range age 25 to 27 years that is as many as 42 people, followed by youth with range age 22 to 24 years as many as 28 people and 28-30 years a total of 16 people.

1. Socioeconomic Status

social status economy somebody determined by level education, employment and income (Yulisanti in Lestarini, 2007), according to Sudibyo in Hendri (2014) social status economy is something circumstances from individual in society that can be measured from level education, employment status, income, wealth and ownership asset precious.

Table 3. Distribution of Respondent Data Based on Socioeconomic Status

If our take a closer look table scattered the respondents above could our see that proportion biggest as much as 45 percent respondent is at in social status medium, even if seen from total score average social status economy respondent is of 7.96 means on average respondents are in social status Intermediate.

1. Socialization Work Agriculture

Socialization profession in study this is socialization profession accepted agriculture respondent from scope family, regarding how they get information and know profession sector agriculture and engagement respondent in the socialization process the.

Table 4. Respondent Data Study Based on Socialization Work Accepted Agriculture

(Source: Primary Data Processing, 2022)

From table 4 can our conclude level socialization profession sector accepted agriculture respondents, the majority respondent that is a total of 58 Percent get socialization profession farming at very low level, average score socialization profession agriculture of 2 (two) question items is of 3.60 means the average socialization received respondent is at in category low. Thing the affected by parental reluctance for introduce and engage her children in activity sector agriculture, background behind family respondents who are not from family that has eye livelihood in sector agriculture is also affected Thing the.

1. Parental Influence

Parents have enough influence strong towards young people, even old people already socialize profession sector agriculture to her children realized small however apparently parents no want his son forward activity his business, parents expect his son obtain profession with more status and income good [15].

Table 5. Respondent Data Study Based on Accepted Parental Influence

(Source: Primary Data Processing, 2022)

On the data above majority respondent in study this that is a total of 66 Percent obtain parental influence at a low level, followed an amount of 30 percent respondent study obtain parental influence at a very low level, the average score received parental influence respondent is of 3.82 of 2 question items, meaning on average parental influence received respondent in context hope, suggestion or instruction is at in level low.

1. Access Information

Perception is the process of receiving, processing, and evaluating to something what is perceived by the senses maker perception, perception produced somebody tend characteristic subjective based on on what do you know and understand maker perception, because that the information and knowledge obtained is very influential perception someone.

Table 6. Respondent Data Study Based on Access Information

(Source: Primary Data Processing, 2022)

Table 6 above show that part big respondents, namely 46 percent belong to in category low in access information. Average total score of 3 questions is 6.37 means access average information respondent is at in category low. it could understood, because lately this is print media like newspapers and magazines start abandoned, amount Radio listeners are also reduced drastic, the most frequent used by respondents in range inner youth study this is the internet, however use of these media more many for destination entertainment compared for destination access required information and knowledge.

1. Background Back Family

A number of study state that background behind family is influencing factors how youth perception of sector jobs agriculture. Background behind the family in question in study this is background behind family respondent originated from sector agriculture (Main Actor, actor business, officer) or no from sector agriculture.

Table 7. Distribution of Respondent Data Study Based on Background Behind Family

( Source : Primary Data Processing , 2022)

Table on has reflect in a manner clear background behind family respondent in study this, respondents who have background behind family from sector agricultur, and those that are not from background family behind agriculture respectively 62 and 38 respondents. Not all respondent originated from family background behind agriculture, hopefully could represent youth perceptions general and more objective and precise. Table 7 above show score coefficient track relationship between exogenous latent variable with endogenous latent variables and indicated P values level significance relationship, data above will Becomes reference researcher in proof hypothesis research that has submitted. if score coefficient track marked positive so could stated that exogenous latent variable take effect positive to endogenous variable, P value if <0.05 then stated significant, so if coefficient track more of 0.1 (Positive or negative) and P value < 0.05 then could our declare hypothesis received or reject H0, that is there is connection in a manner significant Among variable exogenous to endogenous variable.

Analysis of the Effect of Perceptions on Youth Interest in Agricultural Sector Jobs in Sidoarjo District, Sidoarjo Regency

Stages analysis use PLS-SEM approach consists from six necessary process steps lived researchers, each stages will influence stages Next, the stages including model conceptualization, determining method analysis algorithm, define resampling methods, drawing path diagrams, and model evaluation, as well plus with report results PLS analysis [16]. Stage evaluation of measurement models and structural models next necessary stage conducted is testing hypothesis research, carried out aim for knowing is hypothesis our research submit to the research model received or rejected.

Table 8. Path coefficient and P-value

(Source: SEM Analysis Output on the WarpPLS Program, 2022).

Small path coefficient values, namely with a range of -0.1 to +0.1 will usually not be significant because the resulting p value is greater than the error level of 0.05 (Sholihin and Dwi, 2020). In this study, a relationship was considered significant if the path coefficient was greater than 0.1 (positive or negative) and the P value <0.05. Table 4.34 shows the WarpPLS output for the Path Coefficient and P Value values.

1. Hypothesis Effect of Age on youth perceptions of employment in the agricultural sector

In hypothesis 1, it is suspected that age influences youth perceptions of agricultural sector jobs. Referring to the path coefficient value of -0.248 and the p-value of the relationship between the latent variable age and the latent variable youth perceptions of work in the agricultural sector of 0.005 <0.05, it was decided to reject H0 or H1 and we can draw the conclusion that age has a negative effect on perceptions youth towards work in the agricultural sector significantly, it can be said that the older the youth, the perception of work in the agricultural sector decreases. The older a person is, the knowledge, needs, insights, and mindset of a person will increase, their way of assessing and interpreting things also develops depending on what they see and feel, the direction of negative influence is most likely due to the poor image of the agricultural sector that youths have so far captured. , both in terms of the comfort of work, the income provided by the agricultural sector, and the social position of work in the agricultural sector, this is what causes the older the youth, the more unfavorable impressions they get about the agricultural sector. In line with what Handayani et al (2015) [17] found in their research, the age factor has a statistically significant effect on youth perceptions. Sugiyanto (2015) in his research stated that age is related to individual learning abilities and individual abilities in teaching, this will affect someone in perceiving something. The older a person is, the more knowledge and skills a person will have.

1. The hypothesis of the effect of socioeconomic status on youth perceptions of employment in the agricultural sector

In hypothesis 2, it is suspected that socio-economic status factors influence youth perceptions of agricultural sector jobs, based on the output path coefficient values and p-values produced by the SEM analysis in the WarpPLS program, the path coefficient is 0.019 and the p-value is 0.425, so it can be stated as receiving HO or there is no significant effect of the variable of youth's socio-economic status on the variable of youth's perception of work in the agricultural sector, meaning that a youth's socio-economic status does not affect his perception of work in the agricultural sector, the socio-economic status referred to in this study is a variable formed by the level of education , income, and land ownership. The level of education and the area of land ownership of the respondents in this study were quite balanced, more than 60 percent of the respondents were in the same category, namely graduating from high school or equivalent and not owning agricultural land. This factor is unable to explain the variance in youth perceptions of employment in the agricultural sector . These findings are in line with what Pinem et al (2020) [18] found in their research, that formal education and land area are not related to youth perceptions of work in the agricultural sector. The hypothesis of the effect of job socialization on youth perceptions of jobs in the agricultural sector

1. In hypothesis 3, it is suspected that the agricultural sector job socialization factor influences youth perceptions of work in the agricultural sector, based on the path coefficient and p-value produced by the SEM analysis in the WarpPLS program, namely the path coefficient value is 0.429 and the p value is <0.001, so it can be stated reject HO or accept H3, meaning that the socialization of agricultural sector jobs has a positive effect on the variable of youth's perception of work in the agricultural sector significantly, in other words if the socialization of agricultural sector jobs received by a young man increases, his perception of agricultural sector jobs will also tend to increase. These results are in line with what Msuya et al (2014) [19] found, that agricultural education or outreach and independence education at an early age can have a positive impact on students' views of the agricultural sector, this is very relevant to do to help instill a positive attitude towards the agricultural sector . agriculture.

2. The hypothesis of the influence of "parental influence" on youth perceptions of employment in the agricultural sector. In hypothesis 4, it is suspected that the influence of parents influences youth perceptions of work in the agricultural sector, based on the path coefficient value and the p value resulting from the SEM analysis of the WarpPLS program, namely the path coefficient value is 0.179 and the p value is 0.032, then H0 is rejected or H4 accepted, meaning that the influence of parents has a significant positive effect on the variable of youth perceptions of work in the sector. This means that if the influence of parents received by a young man is at a good or increasing level, then his perception of work in the agricultural sector will also tend to be good or increase. These findings are in line with what was found by Suseno et al (2021) [20] in his research, that the influence of parents regarding agricultural sector work affects youth's perceptions of agricultural sector work, but in reality parents who work as farmers or other agricultural sectors do not confront and do not trying to direct or encourage their children to follow in their footsteps to work in the agricultural sector. This is in line with what Monica, Sunnaru, and Harsoyo (2019) [21] found in their research that the influence of groups and friends has a positive effect on youth's perceptions of work in the agricultural sector. The influence of parents and the influence of groups and friends in this case are in the same context, namely the influence of individuals other than respondents.

3. Hypothesis of the influence of access to information on youth perceptions of employment in the agricultural sector

In hypothesis 5, the researcher suspects that there is a significant influence between the information access factor on youth perceptions of work in the agricultural sector. To prove this hypothesis, we must refer to the path coefficient and p-value in the output of the SEM-PLS analysis in the WarpPLS program. Based on the analysis results, the path coefficient value of the relationship between information access and youth perception is 0.283 with a P value of 0.001 <0.05, it can be concluded that reject H0 or accept H5, meaning that access to information has a positive and significant effect on youth perceptions of employment in the agricultural sector. In other words, if the level of youth access to information increases, their perception of work in the agricultural sector will also increase, and vice versa. In line with research conducted by Pinem et al (2020) [18] concerning youth perceptions of jobs in the agricultural sector, this study found that access to information influences youth perceptions of jobs in the agricultural sector. A person's perception is largely determined by the knowledge and insight of the perceptor, this knowledge and insight is obtained from information and knowledge, therefore perception is very dependent on the ability to access information from the perceptor himself. Unfavorable perceptions of work in the agricultural sector is caused by a lack of knowledge and insight into the youth regarding the agricultural sector, knowledge of correct cultivation methods, use of technology and innovation with the aim of efficiency and effectiveness to reduce costs and increase income, appropriate marketing strategies and product processing.

1. Hypothesis of the effect of family background on youth's perception of employment in the agricultural sector

Hypothesis 6, it is suspected that youth's family background has a significant effect on youth's perceptions of employment in the agricultural sector. The proof of the hypothesis is based on the path coefficient parameter and the P value resulting from the SEM-PLS analysis in the WarpPLS program, the output shows the path coefficient of the relationship between family background variables and youth perceptions of agricultural sector work, which is -0.349 with a P-value <0.001 < 0.05. From these data we can conclude that HO is rejected, meaning that the youth's family background has a significant negative effect on youth's perceptions of employment in the agricultural sector. In the case of this study, youths who come from families with agricultural sector backgrounds tend to have a less favorable perception when compared to youths with non- agricultural family backgrounds. These results also prove what was stated by Hasim and Siti (2022) [22], in their research that family background shows a significant influence on youth involvement in agricultural activities. In line with the opinion of Hendri (2014) [23] in his research that youth perceptions of agricultural sector jobs are negative, this occurs because most of the youth's background does not come from farming families. and with what Khair and Buntat (2008) [24] found in their research, that the influence of family background and peers recorded a modest effect. This is very unfortunate because according to Pavel (2013) [25] the most potential successors and have competitive advantages are those from farming families.

Based on results analysis tabulation frequency, SEM-PLS analysis and discussion about influencing factors youth perception of sector jobs agriculture in the District Sidoarjo Regency Sidoarjo, then could conclude that age and background behind family take effect negative and significant to youth perception. Socialization profession sector agriculture, socialization profession agriculture, parental influence and access information take effect positive and significant to youth perception. Social status economy no takes effect significant to youth perception of sector jobs agriculture. Youth perceptions are influential in a manner significant to youth interest in profession sector agriculture.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Funding: No funding sources 

Ethical approval: The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of UPN Veterans East Java

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