Risk management is a tool that can assist farmers in making decisions in dealing with risks. So that research on risk analysis is important to be carried out in order to determine appropriate farming risk management actions for farmers. This study aims to analyze the kinds of risks faced, analyze the level of risk, risk management strategies for rice farming in Bohar Village, Taman District, Sidoarjo Regency. The research location was chosen purposively in the village of Bohar, Taman District, Sidoarjo Regency, which has a high risk potential and is one of the areas that has a fairly low production in Sidoarjo Regency. The data is divided into primary data and secondary data, primary data obtained from interviews with a total sample of 36 people. The analysis in this study uses descriptive analysis and the level of risk. The results of the research that the risk management carried out by rice farmers in Bohar Village, Taman District, Sidoarjo Regency, namely starting from farmers identifying damage or problems that occur in rice farming. Farmers also take several ways to reduce the risks that occur in their farming. There are three strategies carried out by farmers, namely ex-ante strategies (before the risk occurs) such as rice - rice - rice cropping patterns, conventional planting systems and the use of superior varieties, and seed treatment. Interactive strategies (when there is a risk) such as doing embroidery, spacing tightly or jajar legowo, using fertilizer types and volumes according to needs, looking for workers from outside the village and borrowing credit from informal sources. Ex-post strategies (after a risk occurs) such as completely relying on rice farming, taking from savings and finding solutions to existing failures.

Employee performance is the result of work in quality and quantity that can be achieved by an employee in carrying out tasks in accordance with the responsibilities assigned to him. The company must also carry out social functions internally and externally to ensure the welfare of its members as well as having an impact on the survival of the company. To be able to compete with other similar industries, companies must have competitive advantages that are very difficult to imitate, which will only be obtained from employees who are productive, innovative, creative, always enthusiastic and loyal. This study aims to analyze the effect of work motivation on employee performance, work supervision affects employee performance, work discipline affects employee performance and job satisfaction affects employee performance at PT. Play Welfare Union. This research was conducted at PT. Union Prosperous Utama with the consideration that the location is an agribusiness institution, especially in the field of mechanization technology for sugarcane farming equipment at PT. Nusantara XII Plantation in Banyuwangi area. The object of this research is the employees of the mechanization department at PT. Serikat Sejahtera Utama. The sample used in this study amounted to 56 respondents, sampling using the Random Sampling formula. The analysis in this study uses descriptive analysis and Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis. The results of the study that work motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, if employees get high motivation it will improve their performance. Work supervision has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, if employees are supervised or controlled during work then employees will feel supervised and this can improve employee performance.

In the 21st century now, the condition of the earth is currently experiencing a fairly serious problem, namely the occurrence of global warming. The largest contributor to waste is food and beverage packaging, with the largest number being 146 million tons per year. This means that the green marketing strategy for the mineral water product of the Ades brand has been proven to have led to consumer buying decision behavior to buy the product. This study aims to analyze the effect of green marketing products on consumer buying interest, analyze the effect of consumer buying interest products on consumer purchasing decisions, the effect of green marketing on consumer purchasing decisions and analyze buying interest variables as a mediating variable that has an indirect influence on green marketing and decisions. consumer purchases at Modern Stores in Mojokerto City. The location for collecting research information was in the city of Mojokerto, East Java. Collecting information from 3 modern shops in Mojokerto City which were selected intentionally (purposively). The data processing is carried out in 3 modern stores in the Mojokerto City area, including Carrefour, Superindo, and Sanrio. The reason the researcher chose the 3 stores was with the consideration that these 3 modern stores were implementing green marketing in serving their consumers. The analysis in this study uses descriptive analysis and Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis. The results of the study show that green marketing has a positive and significant effect on buying interest, buying interest has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, green marketing has a positive but not significant effect on purchasing decisions and the buying interest variable can be an intervening variable in green marketing on purchasing decisions. Without the help of other factors, consumer purchasing decisions will stagnate on the results achieved previously.

Dairy farming business has good potential to be developed due to the increasing national milk consumption. So that to meet the nation's demand for milk consumption, the dairy farming industry must expand. The purpose of this study was to analyze financial and non-financial feasibility dairy farming, sensitivity, and potential for developing a dairy farming. This research is located in Tropodo Village, Krian District, Sidoarjo Regency and was conducted in July 2022. The sampling technique was purposive sampling with a total of 10 respondents. The data collected in this study was analyzed by financial feasibility analysis method, sensitivity analysis and descriptive analysis. The result show that breeders was consider non-financial aspects is not a scary thing. The value of NPV in dairy farming bussiness was bigger than 0, Net B/C was bigger than 1, and IRR was greater than 6%. The Pay Period analysis of the dairy farming bussiness showed that the initial cash outflow of investment could be recovered less than 15 years. So that, dairy farming business in Tropodo Village Krian District Sidoarjo Regency was feasible to be developed. Meanwhile the result of sensitivity analysis show that the dairy farming bussiness still feasible to continue despite the input prices (feed) and the amount of ouput was increase 15%. Natural increases value was 46,44% (low), so to develop the dairy farming bussiness was not just dependent on the findings of feasibility studies, it also takes into account other factors like available natural and human resources and political direction

Indonesia is an agrarian country with the agricultural sector playing an important role in the economy. However, farmers' lives are still far from prosperous, causing economic inequality in income distribution. Poverty in Indonesia is a major problem in both rural and urban areas. Data from the Central Statistics Agency as of March 2022 shows East Java as the province with the highest number of poor people. Pacitan Regency is an isolated area with an area of 1,389.92 km2, most of which are barren hills. The Gini ratio measures inequality between rich and poor, with the highest inequality occurring in 2019 and the lowest in 2009. Ngadirojo District is included in the category of class III karst areas that allow mining activities. Inequality in income distribution creates major problems, including increasing fuel tariffs, political stability ahead of the 2024 elections, world political stability, extreme weather and climate change, and the haunting recession. The Gini coefficient (Gini Ratio) is used to calculate the income inequality level of 100 sample farmers in Cokrokembang Village. The Gini coefficient (Gini Ratio) through the Lorenz curve graph shows that the income inequality of rice farmers in Cokrokembang Village is quite high. The income of rice farmers from rice farming is below the District/City Minimum Wage (UMK) of Pacitan Regency. The income inequality of rice farmers in Cokrokembang Village reaches 0.88, which is included in the category of high inequality, shown by the widening of the Lorenz curve.

Indonesia is an agrarian country with the agricultural sector playing an important role in the economy. However, farmers' lives are still far from prosperous, causing economic inequality in income distribution. Poverty in Indonesia is a major problem in both rural and urban areas. Data from the Central Statistics Agency as of March 2022 shows East Java as the province with the highest number of poor people. Pacitan Regency is an isolated area with an area of 1,389.92 km2, most of which are barren hills. The Gini ratio measures inequality between rich and poor, with the highest inequality occurring in 2019 and the lowest in 2009. Ngadirojo District is included in the category of class III karst areas that allow mining activities. Inequality in income distribution creates major problems, including increasing fuel tariffs, political stability ahead of the 2024 elections, world political stability, extreme weather and climate change, and the haunting recession. The Gini coefficient (Gini Ratio) is used to calculate the income inequality level of 100 sample farmers in Cokrokembang Village. The Gini coefficient (Gini Ratio) through the Lorenz curve graph shows that the income inequality of rice farmers in Cokrokembang Village is quite high. The income of rice farmers from rice farming is below the District/City Minimum Wage (UMK) of Pacitan Regency. The income inequality of rice farmers in Cokrokembang Village reaches 0.88, which is included in the category of high inequality, shown by the widening of the Lorenz curve.