This study describes a diabetes self-management profile using self-reported outcomes related to engagement in diabetes care activities and psychological adjustment to the disease. The aim of this study was to describe how self-management experiences differed from physical, emotional, and spiritual perspectives. We used self-reported data from a community-based cohort of adults with diabetes (n = 316) and conducted a cluster analysis of self-reported outcomes (i.e., behaviors, perceived self-efficacy and empowerment, diabetes distress, and quality of life). We tested whether clusters differed by sociodemographic, clinical, and care delivery process variables. Cluster analysis revealed four distinct profiles that combined high or low levels of engagement in diabetes care activities and good or bad psychological adjustment to the disease. The different profiles were related to the variables of perceived financial insecurity, taking insulin treatment, experiencing depression, and the concordance of care received with the Chronic Care Model. The results can help health professionals gain a better understanding of the different realities faced by people living with diabetes, identify patients at risk of poor outcomes related to them, and lead to the development of profile-specific interventions.