This study uses an article review methodology to identify the variables that affect digital health literacy. Scoping reviews using databases, specifically Pub Med, Science Direct, and Scopus, are the research methodology employed. According to research findings, age, gender, income, ethnicity, education level, and access to health information are the six variables that can affect one's level of digital health literacy. In summary, by comprehending these elements, we can create more effective strategies for raising people's digital health literacy. Having more knowledge about digital health can help people manage their diseases, make better decisions about their health, and more efficiently comprehend online health information.

To implement integrated nurse’s service, there is a need for leaders to address healthcare developments. It is still unclear what kind of leadership is necessary, who professionals ought to fill this role, and how these nursing leaders should be supported. The study literature continually emphasizes the significance of nursing leadership for building a high-standard healthcare system that consistently delivers safe and effective care, taking into consideration the terms of nursing leadership that have been published, and synthesizing the literature to identify the characteristics, qualities, or skills necessary to be a successful clinical leader and effective nursing leader in the hospital. Think about nursing leadership in primary care. The purpose of this study was to synthesize the evidence related to leadership and primary service performance in the hospital. A systematic literature review was performed using the PICO framework within Science Direct, PubMed CINAHL, Word Scientific, and Doaj databases in the last 5 years, with keywords leadership, nursing, or primary care. A systematic literature review was performed using the PICO framework within Science Direct, PubMed CINAHL, Taylor & Francis Online, Wiley Online Library, Word Scientific, and DOAJ databases in the last 5 years, with keywords leadership, nursing, or primary nursing services. Nurse practitioners were aware of the four components of transformative leadership: idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration. Support from the leadership prepared for and aided with the implementation of integrated service performance. The majority of the studies recommended nurses' leadership skills required persistence, support, and education for taking care of nurse’s service performance in hospitals.

The evaluation of cochlear implant (CI) candidacy in pediatric patients encompasses a multidisciplinary framework that intricately weaves audiological, medical, psychological, and educational considerations. This abstract encapsulates the essence of the comprehensive review article titled "Cochlear Implant Candidacy Evaluation in Children: Multidisciplinary Considerations," highlighting key insights and implications. Cochlear implants have revolutionized auditory rehabilitation for children with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss, offering the potential to restore access to sound and speech. This review underscores the pivotal role played by multidisciplinary assessments in determining the appropriateness of cochlear implantation for young recipients. Audiological evaluations form the cornerstone of candidacy assessment. Through pure-tone audiometry, speech perception tests, and aided audiograms, the degree of hearing loss and potential CI benefit are quantified. Objective measures such as auditory brainstem response (ABR) and otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) complement these assessments, providing insights into auditory nerve function and cochlear integrity. However, the interpretation of audiological data must consider the child's developmental stage and cognitive capacities. Parallel to audiological assessments, a comprehensive medical evaluation is imperative. Factors including the etiology of hearing loss, cochlear anatomy, and overall health influence surgical feasibility and post-implantation outcomes. Collaborative engagement with medical experts ensures the anticipation and management of potential anatomical or medical complexities. The psychosocial dimension emerges as a pivotal aspect. Inclusion of psychological assessments delving into the child's emotional well-being, family dynamics, and coping strategies is essential. Recognizing the emotional journey families undertake, tailored counseling and support resources contribute to well-informed decisions. Cultural and linguistic considerations further personalize rehabilitation strategies, promoting optimal outcomes. Educational factors interlace audiological and psychosocial dimensions. The child's age at implantation and learning environment significantly impact auditory skill development and language acquisition. Alignment of auditory goals with educational milestones through audiologist-educator collaborations optimizes language learning trajectories. Crucially, interdisciplinary collaboration constitutes the foundation of effective candidacy evaluation. Synthesizing insights from audiology, medicine, psychology, and education paints a holistic portrait of the child's potential to thrive with a CI. Regular case conferences involving specialists facilitate informed decision-making, placing the child's well-being at the forefront. This abstract encapsulates the intricate web of multidisciplinary considerations in pediatric CI candidacy evaluation. The confluence of audiological, medical, psychological, and educational dimensions provides a comprehensive assessment framework. The child and family are recognized as active participants in their auditory journey, underscoring the collaborative ethos that guides this evaluation. As technology advances and understanding deepens, longitudinal research will refine candidacy criteria and intervention strategies. The dedication of researchers, clinicians, educators, and families paves the way for a future where every child can engage with the symphony of sound, transcending the barriers imposed by hearing loss.

Anesthesia is a pivotal component of modern healthcare, ensuring patient safety during surgical interventions. Proficiency in managing anesthesia equipment is essential for Resident Anesthetists, as it underpins the delivery of safe and effective anesthesia. This study assesses the knowledge of essential anesthesia equipment among Resident Anesthetists in Himachal Pradesh, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Junior and Senior Residents of Anesthesia in Himachal Pradesh. A structured questionnaire assessed their knowledge of anesthesia machines, ventilators, and monitoring devices. Data from 100 participants were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Participants exhibited varying levels of knowledge. While many had a good understanding of anesthesia machines' primary function and components, there was room for improvement in comprehending safety features and calibration procedures. Proficiency in mechanical ventilation concepts was notable, though some areas, such as troubleshooting ventilator issues, could be enhanced. Resident Anesthetists demonstrated commendable knowledge of monitoring devices, including capnography and pulse oximetry. Knowledge gaps existed in normal vital sign ranges and alarm response. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of ongoing education and training for Resident Anesthetists in Himachal Pradesh, focusing on anesthesia equipment management. Addressing knowledge gaps can contribute to improved patient safety and healthcare quality.

Anesthesia practice requires a profound understanding of intraoperative monitoring techniques to ensure patient safety during surgery. This study evaluates the awareness and proficiency of Resident Anesthetists in Himachal Pradesh, India, regarding key monitoring parameters, including electrocardiography (ECG), blood pressure, oxygen saturation (SpO2), and end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2). Methods: A cross-sectional survey involving 100 Junior and Senior Residents of Anesthesia from Himachal Pradesh was conducted between April and June 2023. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their knowledge of intraoperative monitoring techniques. Data were analyzed for frequencies and percentages. Results: The study revealed varying levels of knowledge among participants. While 87% understood the purpose of intraoperative monitoring, 76% could explain the significance of continuous ECG monitoring. Approximately 74% recognized the importance of blood pressure monitoring, and 79% understood the significance of SpO2 monitoring. In contrast, only 56% were knowledgeable about ETCO2, and 55% could interpret ETCO2 waveforms. Communication and collaboration were recognized as crucial by 61% of participants. Overall, 23% had very good knowledge, 32% had good knowledge, 24% had fair knowledge, and 21% had poor knowledge of intraoperative monitoring techniques. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for ongoing education and training among Resident Anesthetists in Himachal Pradesh to enhance their proficiency in intraoperative monitoring. Improved knowledge in key areas such as ECG interpretation, ETCO2 monitoring, and effective communication can contribute to safer anesthesia practice and better patient outcomes.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) pose a significant global public health challenge, affecting individuals and communities. In the scenic region of Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India, addressing the impact of STDs is crucial for the well-being of the local population and contributes to global STD control efforts. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional survey, conducted between April and June 2023 in District Shimla, involved 400 adults residing in urban (66.75%) and rural (33.25%) areas. A structured questionnaire assessed participants' knowledge of STDs, covering aspects such as transmission, prevention, and treatment. Data analysis was conducted using Epi Info V7 Software. Results: Findings revealed varying levels of knowledge among participants. While 82.25% understood the nature and causes of STDs, 71.75% could name common STDs, and 66.25% correctly identified modes of transmission. Notably, 70.5% dispelled misconceptions about casual contact. However, knowledge gaps existed regarding treatment options (28%) and antibiotic-resistant strains (24.5%). Approximately 54.75% recognized the role of individuals and communities in raising STD awareness. Conclusion: Shimla's residents exhibit reasonable awareness of STDs, emphasizing the importance of prompt STD management. Nonetheless, targeted education efforts are needed to address knowledge gaps, particularly in treatment and antibiotic resistance. Enhancing sexual health knowledge in Shimla aligns with global STD control goals.

Stroke is a major global health challenge, causing disability and mortality worldwide. Many strokes are preventable through risk factor management and public awareness. This study aimed to assess awareness and knowledge of stroke risk factors and preventive strategies among the general public in Himachal Pradesh, India. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to July 2023 among 400 adults in Himachal Pradesh. A structured questionnaire assessed knowledge of stroke risk factors and preventive measures. Data were analyzed descriptively, categorizing knowledge levels as very good, good, fair, or poor. Results: Respondents displayed varying levels of awareness. While 72.5% could define stroke, only 63.5% identified common risk factors accurately. Although 65.25% recognized preventive measures, knowledge gaps persisted. Only 42.25% identified stroke symptoms, yet 66.75% acknowledged the importance of seeking immediate medical attention. Conclusion: While there is fair knowledge about stroke risk factors and preventive measures among Himachal Pradesh's general public, knowledge gaps exist, particularly in recognizing specific risk factors and stroke symptoms. Public health initiatives should target these gaps to enhance awareness and empower individuals to prevent strokes effectively.

This study assesses the levels of awareness and knowledge regarding eye safety at home and work among the general population of District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India. Given the vulnerability of the eyes to various hazards, understanding eye safety is critical for maintaining overall well-being. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was employed, with data collected from 400 adults residing in District Kangra. A structured questionnaire was used to gather information on demographic characteristics and knowledge related to eye safety. Data were analyzed using Epi Info V7 Software. Results: The study revealed that while 57.75% of participants were aware of common eye hazards at home, there was room for improvement in knowledge and preventive practices. Only 24.5% reported using protective eyewear during potentially hazardous activities at home. Workplace eye safety knowledge was limited, with 28.75% able to list common workplace eye hazards, and only 10.75% required protective eyewear at work. Training on eye safety was inadequate, with only 8.5% having received such training. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for enhanced eye safety awareness and education in District Kangra. Knowledge gaps exist in both home and workplace settings, indicating the importance of targeted educational campaigns and workplace safety programs. Collaborative efforts with local organizations could further promote eye safety in this region, ultimately safeguarding the precious gift of sight.

Scrub typhus is endemic in India due to the Tsutsugamushi Triangle. Increased farming area, animals, lesser education, outdoor cooking, and inadequate indoor sanitary facilities are the key sources of endemicity. The triangle is bounded by northern Australia, the Arabian Peninsula, and Japan. According to reports from South America, the Middle East, and Africa, identical diseases can exist outside the triangle. Unintentional hosts are people with this zoonotic disease. Methods: Data from hospital records of children who were admitted with fever to the paediatric ward of Dr. RPGMC, Tanda between January 2021 and December 2022 were collected using retrospective observational study methods. Children between the ages of one month and twelve years, of either gender, who were admitted to the paediatrics department's general ward and paediatric critical care unit met the inclusion criteria for this study (PICU). Results: All 50 children developed fever between 3 and 30 days, with a median of 7 days. Extremity edoema and face puffiness were found in 38 (76%) and 37 (74%) children, respectively. Cough was prevalent in 35 (70%) children. Vomiting and altered sensorium occurred in 30 (60%) and 29 (58%) youngsters, respectively. Other symptoms included oliguria, GI bleed, convulsions, and diarrhoea. 44 (88%) children had lymphadenopathy and 23 (46%) had eschar, the classic scrub typhus eschar. Axilla, genitalia, and inguinal skin folds had eschar. Popular, petechial, or erythematous rash, icterus, petechiae, and ecchymosis were discovered. Conclusion: A child with an acute febrile illness, maculopapular or erythematous rash, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, thrombocytopenia, and capillary leak should be considered for scrub typhus. Eschars in skin folds are important for diagnosis. Patients with clinical suspicion of scrub typhus should start azithromycin or doxycycline immediately without a serological test. Scrub typhus can occur in cities despite its prevalence in rural mite-exposed areas.

Lung cancer poses a significant global health challenge due to its high prevalence and impact on communities. Timely detection and effective management depend on public awareness and understanding. This study aimed to assess lung cancer awareness and knowledge in District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India, to identify areas for targeted interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to July 2023 among 400 adults in District Shimla. A structured questionnaire assessed participants' knowledge about lung cancer, its risk factors, symptoms, early detection, and preventive measures. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The study found that 81% of respondents correctly identified lung cancer. While 46.75% acknowledged that lung cancer can occur in non-smokers, 69% correctly identified main risk factors. Awareness about smoking as a contributor to lung cancer was observed in 66.25% of participants. Knowledge about different types of lung cancer was low at 24.5%. Notably, 78% recognized the impact of early detection on treatment outcomes, and 69.5% understood the potential for lung cancer to spread. Only 21.75% acknowledged the role of genetics, and 26% were aware of available support resources. Overall, 29.75% demonstrated very good knowledge, 37.25% had good knowledge, 21% had fair knowledge, and 12% had poor knowledge. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for targeted educational campaigns to address gaps in lung cancer awareness and knowledge among the general public in District Shimla. While foundational awareness is strong, there is room for improvement in understanding risk factors, types of lung cancer, genetics, and available support resources. Bridging these knowledge gaps can enhance lung cancer literacy, early detection, and ultimately improve outcomes.

Skin cancer, driven primarily by sun exposure, is a significant global health concern. In India, abundant sunshine makes skin cancer awareness and prevention vital. This study explores skin cancer awareness in District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 400 adults in District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, from May to July 2023. A structured questionnaire assessed knowledge levels, categorized as very good, good, fair, or poor. Data analysis utilized Epi Info V7 software. Results: The study revealed diverse knowledge levels among participants. 24.75% exhibited very good knowledge, 34.75% good knowledge, 22.75% fair knowledge, and 16.75% poor knowledge. While a substantial portion displayed commendable understanding, there is room for improvement, particularly among those with fair or poor knowledge. Conclusion: Skin cancer awareness efforts have yielded positive results in District Mandi, yet targeted educational campaigns are needed to bridge knowledge gaps, especially in rural areas. Enhanced awareness and understanding of skin cancer empower individuals to prioritize skin health and preventive measures, reducing the burden of this preventable disease.

Nurses in hospitals have most of work stress due to workload, leadership style, professional conflict, emotional, lack of appreciation and shift work. It results in absenteeism, high error rates, and decreased work performance lead to patient safety threat. Effectiveness work stress management is needed to minimize the work stress of nurses. The objective is identified nurse work stress management. Method: Design using scoping review, inclusion criteria randomized control trial design, experimental design, and a cross sectional survey. The process using PRISMA-SR via the Sciencedirect, Scopus and Pubmed databases was published from 2019 to 2023. A total of 810 articles were obtained from Pubmed (53 articles), Scopus (83 articles), Sciencedirect (674 articles). 6 full articles were obtained based on the objectives. Result: Six articles from a scoping review showing that smartphone-based stress management is effective in rectiying depression. Listening music during the afternoon shift shows 432Hz music more effectively than 440Hz and free activities. Restorative yoga for female nurses working night shifts has been shown effective in reducing work stress compared to conventional stress relief methods. The medical material management system app uses the shift check application, the workload of nurses is reduced effectively. Effective delegating behavior and developing resilience effectively reduce stress. Rose aromatherapy has a positive effect compared to placebo. Conclusion: Stress management is effective in reducing nurses work stress; smartphone-based stress management, listening to 432 hz frequency music, restorative yoga, medical material management system app. effective delegation behavior, develop resilience and rose aromatherapy.