Background: One of the two major goals of Healthy People is to help individuals of all ages increase life expectancy and improve their quality of life. The concepts of health promotion and health maintenance provide interventions that contribute to meeting this goal. Health promotion and health maintenance activities are closely linked and often overlap, but there are some differences. Health maintenance focuses on known potential health risks and seeks to prevent them, or identify them early so that intervention can occur. Health promotion looks at the strengths and goals of individuals, families, and populations, and seeks to use them to assist in reaching higher levels of wellness. Methodology: A pre-experimental study was conducted in September 1, 2021 at selected schools of District Shimla (H.P). The study comprised of 40 Primary School Teachers. Non-Probability Convenience sampling technique was used for data collection. The gathered data was analyzed by calculating mean, median, mean percentage, mean difference, standard deviation, and paired t-test to find association of knowledge with selected socio-demographic variables. Results: The study finding showed that in the pre-test 17.5% primary school teachers had average knowledge, 77.5% had moderately adequate knowledge, and only 5% primary school teachers had adequate knowledge regarding Health Promotive Services. The mean post-test knowledge score 22.18 of the present study was higher than mean pre-test knowledge score 14.83 with the mean difference of 7.35. The difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge was statistically tested and it was found significant. Conclusion: From the study findings, it is revealed that there was significant increase in the knowledge scores of the school teachers after structured teaching programme. Therefore, it was concluded that Structured Teaching Program was highly effective in improving the knowledge of school teachers regarding Health Promotive Services.

Background: COVID-19 has taken a heavy toll on the world, claiming many lives. Health care workers are one of the important pillars for the sustenance of lives. Nurses are at the front line of the outbreak response of current pandemic of COVID-19 and exposed to hazards that put them at risk of infection; their knowledge regarding the pandemic have become even more crucial at this moment. Aims: To assess the Effectiveness of Information Booklet on Knowledge regarding COVID-19 among Staff Nurses working in Indira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital Shimla (HP) Objectives: (1) To assess the level of knowledge regarding COVID-19 among staff nurses. (2) To develop and administer information booklet regarding COVID-19 among staff nurses. (3) To evaluate the effectiveness of information booklet regarding COVID-19 among staff nurses. (4) To find out the association between knowledge score among the staff nurses regarding COVID-19 with selected demographic variables. Methodology:  A quantitative research approach was used and research design was pre-experimental one group pre and post-test only. Data was collected by using a self-structured questionnaire. Results: The mean post- test knowledge score 21.47 is apparently higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score 15.62. Conclusion:From the study findings, it is revealed that there was significant increase in the knowledge score of the staff nurses after information booklet. Therefore, it was concluded that information booklet was highly effective in improving the knowledge of staff nurses REGARDING COVID-19.

Background: Vitamin A deficiency is a major public health nutrition problem in developing countries. It is an essential nutrient needed in a small amount for the normal functioning of the visual system, growth and development, maintenance of epithelial cellular integrity, immune function and reproduction. Presently, vitamin A supplementation is implemented through the prevailing network of primary health centers and sub-centers. The program was launched in 1970 to reduce the disease and prevent blindness due to vitamin A deficiency. Objective: The objective of the present study were (i) to assess the level of knowledge regarding vitamin A (ii) to develop and administer self-instructional module on vitamin A (iii) to evaluate the effectiveness of self-instructional module on vitamin A (iv) to find out the association between Pre-test knowledge scores with their selected demographic variables. Materials and Methods: A pre experimental study was conducted in September 2021 in urban area Boileuganj, Shimla. Sample of 60 mothers of fewer than five children were selected using convenience sampling technique. Data was collected by using self-structured questionnaire related to vitamin A. The gathered data was analysed by calculating mean, median, mean percentage, mean difference, standard deviation, paired t-test to evaluate the effectiveness of self-instructional module and chi square test to find association of knowledge with selected socio-demographic variables. Results: The study findings showed that post-test mean knowledge score regarding vitamin Arequirement, sources, deficiencies and its prophylaxis has statistically improved from 13.95±3.968 in pre-test to 20.37±4.034 in post-test. Conclusion: Self-instructional module has improved post-interventional knowledge score of mothers of under five children in urban area Boileuganj, Shimla.