One of the efforts to maximize the utilization of local resources is the development of tourism based on ecotourism. In this context, ongoing tourism is integral to conservation activities, strengthening local economies and promoting tremendous respect for cultural differences in communities. In simple terms, ecotourism combines nature tourism with the vision and mission of respecting and loving the environment because the economic benefits of travel costs are also used to support nature conservation and improve the welfare of residents. On the other hand, ecotourism is also directed at maintaining local culture and not violating human rights and demographic movements, as well as developing a strong and sustainable local economy, which is an effective collaboration between the use of existing resources, local communities and the Government. In this context, the Government as a regulatory body plays a strategic role in exploring comprehensive opportunities for communities in tourist attraction areas to participate in all economic activities fully.

Tourism as an economic sub-sector is the world's most significant and fastest-growing industry. The first and foremost priority of tourism is to build and empower communities,  especially  local  communities  and  those who interact directly with tourists, so that equality, mutual  respect  and  cooperation  are  achieved  so  that can  enrich  life [1].  This   means   that   tourism   is   not only a source of foreign exchange income, but also as a medium to expand and equalize employment opportunities, promote regional development, but most importantly increase  people's  happiness  and  welfare, is a  medium  that  enriches  national  culture  and  preserves the function and quality of the coastal community's environment. From this determination, the government began to pay serious attention to the tourism sector and continued to promote tourism in various regions according to the characteristics of each area. Beach tourism objects in Alor Regency as one of the main tourist destinations in Eastern Indonesia, Alor Regency beach tourism has a lot of tourism potential that can be developed and improved.

Improving the capacity of the community is one of the leading development goals regulated in Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. Through the village policy, a program that supports the achievement of development goals is implemented, namely the empowerment of rural communities. This program is considered appropriate to develop the independence and welfare of rural communities through increasing knowledge, attitudes, skills, behaviour, abilities and awareness and utilizing resources following the essence and priorities of village community needs. In general, the main target of this program is shown in the development of human resources to achieve the quality of an advanced and independent society [2]. The success of development programs and policies also emphasizes economic indicators, as evidenced by local community economic growth, which is used as a benchmark for development success. From the concept of development, the empowerment of local communities through ecotourism programs can result in changes, improvements, enhancements and growth, which in fact, leads to the conditions of societies that build and develop.

By seeing the potential for tourism to be developed, the coastal communities of Alor Regency began to move towards the development of eco-friendly tourism in the form of ecotourism. Ecotourism is expected to help the economy of coastal communities and make coastal communities in Alor Regency more creative and take advantage of nature without destroying it. Ecotourism is gradually leading to environmental and ecological protection. However, in the era of globalization, it is often called ecotourism, so it is necessary to carry out research and development so that tourists are more aware and interested in the environment. Ecotourism in an area has many benefits, both economic, environmental and socio-cultural (Indonesian Ministry of Culture and Tourism, 2015). Conversely, massive exploitation of coastal resources, significantly expanding their designated area, can spur economic growth. In terms of sustainable resource availability, a development that needs to pay attention to sustainability aspects will reduce the ability of coastal resources to support the function of services to balance ecosystems in coastal areas in the long term. Neglect of coastal area spatial planning, destructive utilization, unclear coastal area resource management policies and low community involvement will lead to less optimal management of coastal area resources [3]. Meanwhile, Hassan and Rahmat [4] emphasize the vulnerability of environmental damage and the potential threat of disasters in coastal areas that will hamper the community's economy, so local communities must be ready to anticipate them.

For this reason, tourism development in the coastal tourism area of ​​Alor Regency must be carried out wisely, taking into account pre-existing environmental and socio-cultural conditions. The form of tourism must be chosen according to the characteristics of the existing area. One form of particular tourism activity that can be developed in the coastal tourism area of ​​Alor Regency is ecotourism. Ecotourism is a tourism development concept that prioritises harmony between the economic goals of tourism (people's welfare) and conservation/ environmental protection goals. Before being developed as ecotourism, coastal tourism in Alor Regency was only used by coastal communities as fishing beaches, which were used only for fishing, so the community's economic level remained dependent on the catch. This shows that the community can still not properly utilise its coastal resources' potential. Of course, this is motivated by various things related to the helplessness of the community in managing the existing potential and the lack of skills they have in exploiting potential opportunities in the region.

These ecotourism activities have been going on for ten years. However, they have not been comprehensive, among these ecotourism activities have helped revive coastal communities in tourism objects as alternative and environmentally friendly tourist destinations. In developing tourism as an activity to improve the community's economy, the ecotourism service "Dugong Festival" emerged as a forum where people develop natural tourism potential. It can be considered to enhance their perspective on the environment and experience how to protect and conserve nature, which produces satisfaction. For tourists and provide ecotourism services as community empowerment to be more independent in managing natural and cultural tourism in their area. According to Nugroho [5], the benefits can be calculated from ecotourism services for Indonesia and other developing countries, usually in the process of changing the economic structure. Thus, researchers are interested in analyzing community empowerment strategies based on ecotourism in coastal tourism areas in Alor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, which have coastal tourism potential.

Community Empowerment

Conceptually, empowerment comes from the word power (power or empowerment), as the main idea of empowerment touches the concept of power. Power is often associated with making others do what they want, regardless of their desires or intentions [6]. Community empowerment is essential and mandatory, considering the recent rapid economic and technological growth will significantly affect the ability of each individual to meet their daily needs [7].

The are some purposes for community empowerment  activities.  Firstly,  it  improves  the quality,  quantity  and  added  value  of  goods,  services, or other village resources. Secondly, it enhances the direction of policies, governance, exploitation and conservation of natural resources. Thirdly, it improves socio-economic conditions. Fourthly, it improves morals and  character,  as well  as  public education  and  finally it creates a product/goods [8]. The ultimate goal of the community empowerment process is to make community members independent so that they can improve the standard of living of their families and optimize their resources.

Ecotourism

Ecotourism is a form of tourism that involves responsible travel to natural areas (using sustainable means of transportation), environmental preservation and improving the well-being of residents. Its purpose is to educate tourists about the local and natural environment and to promote environmental protection. Those definitions above of ecotourism are efforts to create economic opportunities that make natural resource conservation financially feasible [9]. In general, ecotourism relates to interactions with natural biotic components strategically choosing to work together to achieve expected results.

The ecotourism planning process goes through several stages, namely (1) Identification of the development of tourist visits, (2) Evaluation of the impact on the existence of the environment, (3) Identification of tourist attractions that are available and which can be developed, (4) Identification of the involvement of various stakeholders in management and (5) Identify potential market segments and the characteristics of their needs from  management  to supervision [10].  Meanwhile, Rhama [11] emphasized that global ecotourism has become an alternative to the tourism sector while maintaining and preserving the environment and helping improve the living standards of local communities both economically and socio-culturally. Tourism is an essential factor in the economic development of a country because it encourages the development of several sectors of the national economy. One is increasing in economic activity as a result of the construction of infrastructure and facilities for the development of tourism, thus enabling people to carry out their economic activities from one place to another, either in one place or specific areas of the country, as well as in international regions that can increase new industries that are closely related to tourism, such as: Transportation, Accommodation (Hotels, Motels, Holiday Villages, Camping Sites, etc.) which also ultimately create new demands such as: Tourist Transportation, Hotel Equipment (Elevator, Escalator, China ware, Linens, Furnitures, etc).

This type of research is qualitative with a descriptive analysis approach that describes the ecotourism-based coastal community empowerment strategy in coastal tourism areas. This research is located in Alor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The instrument used in this study was the researcher, who collected data with the help of field notes, interview guides, tools to record the interview process and documentation. In this study, researchers conducted interviews with seven informants. Data analysis in this study uses data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The validity of the data was carried out through credibility, dependability and confirmability Satori and Komariah [12].

Ecotourism-Based Coastal Community Empowerment Strategy in Alor Regency

The community empowerment strategy is a development program based on community participation (community-based development). Implementation of programs for residents of coastal communities can improve their socio-economic and environmental conditions independently and sustainably. The development program based on the participation of coastal communities is carried out using a bottom-up approach, where the implementation of activities in the field is carried out at the initiative and aspirations of the community, starting from planning activities and implementation to monitoring development implementation. The community has a significant role and is required to be actively involved in the performance of the coastal tourism area development program, the success or failure of the implementation of this program is determined by the participation of the community itself. The expected achievements in empowering coastal communities can provide hope for achieving government program goals which are the priority agenda in poverty alleviation-community empowerment in revitalizing government policies, especially in accelerating poverty alleviation through a social empowerment approach. Implementing the coastal community empowerment program in tourist areas in Alor Regency is one of the efforts to improve the socio-economic conditions of coastal communities. The program is carried out in an integrated manner, both in terms of improving the physical environment and socio-economic conditions of the community in tourist areas in Alor Regency. Empowerment of coastal communities in tourist areas in Alor Regency is carried out with three empowerment strategies, which are as follows:

Assisting Coastal Communities Through Training

In implementing the ecotourism-based coastal community empowerment program, the authors carried out further identification and analysis, especially on research informants, as many as seven people in Alor Regency. (2) Have a high motivation to be able to play a role as a tourism business actor by protecting, preserving and wanting to develop ecotourism potential, namely being a promotional and marketing team for coastal tourism in Alor Regency. (3) Able to identify existing problems related to ecotourism development while providing input and solutions to coastal tourism areas in Alor Regency. (4) Willing to form groups and organizations engaged in tourism under the name Community of Local Tourism Lovers (KPPL) of Alor Regency to promote and market coastal tourism. (5) Able to simulate the process of making ecotourism-based community empowerment programs.

Okoli and Okoli [13] state the need for community empowerment with an ecotourism approach for the younger generation to equip the skills needed to start independent businesses and reduce the high unemployment rate. Based on an interview with the head of the Alor Ibu Regency Tourism Office. "Ripka Jayati" said that as the Tourism Office or an organization within the Alor Regency government that is engaged in tourism is necessary for us to always hold a coastal community empowerment program which is a beach tourism object that always tries to invite and embrace the community to be active and participate and participate in every activity, especially tourism activities  by  providing  assistance  and training to coastal communities about the strategic impact of ecotourism on the economy and protection of nature reserves in coastal areas, especially in Alor Regency which is dominated by coastal tourism. The participation of coastal communities can be said to be quite good, which can be seen when there are training programs, expos and tourism activities (dugong festivals). A few people are involved in these activities, active and passive participation, especially the people around the tour. All are very enthusiastic, although not all of them participated. Therefore, we aim to carry out community empowerment programs in assisting coastal communities through training and collaboration with the Local Tourism Lovers Community (KPPL) of Alor Regency.

Human resource development which includes skills training in the implementation of activities related to community empowerment and human resource development. The implementation of the community empowerment program is a community-based development where the bottom-up approach is from the community, by the community and for the community itself so that in the implementation of the mentoring program to coastal communities through training, the Alor Regency Tourism Office is accompanied by an empowerment program that can be designed. and carried out continuously so that it is in accordance with the problems, potentials, needs and prospects of human resources (community), environmental resources (natural), socio-economic and cultural resources. Coastal communities can become the successors of a tourism awareness group called the Local Tourism Lovers Community (KPPL) of Alor Regency through empowerment programs to increase motivation, awareness, knowledge and nature conservation to protect and preserve ecotourism potential in the coastal areas of Alor Regency. Based on an interview with the secretary of Alor Besar village Mr. "Irwan Watang" who said that in every tourism activity from the Alor Regency Government, especially the Tourism Office, they always ask us to involve our community in tourism activities and we prioritize the community taking part in tourism activities This is because our village is one of the villages that has the best beach tourism objects in Alor Regency and the enthusiasm of our community in welcoming tourism activities has been very good for the last five years. This provides socio-economic benefits to the people of Alor Besar village, so by providing assistance to the community through empowerment programs it can successfully increase motivation, awareness, knowledge and natural preservation of coastal communities.

The role of training, mentoring and community involvement in Alor Regency was initially as a motivator and initiator of ideas, namely trying to awaken and encourage the community to recognize existing potentials and problems. Developing this potential will then solve the existing problems. By assisting coastal communities in prioritizing coastal tourism conservation in maintaining and protecting tourist areas, the coastal community empowerment program through the Tourism Office and Local Tourism Lovers Communities (KPPL) of Alor Regency expects to carry out comprehensively starting from participatory planning, counselling, training, monitoring and evaluation, comparative studies, partnership assistance, welfare improvement, independence and the formation of new empowerment agents. Continuation of the ecotourism development empowerment program by assisting coastal communities through counselling and training on cooperative management as a people's economic institution, management of tourism promotion and marketing strategies in Alor Regency.

Synergy in Coastal Community Empowerment Programs

Implementing ecotourism empowerment is not only in the form of socialization, counselling, simulation and training but also emphasizes research subjects to develop ecotourism. They need assistance and cooperation or partnerships between all stakeholders, such as the government, communities, educational institutions and non-governmental organizations and business actors [14]. Cooperation in the management of coastal tourism based on local wisdom aims to improve the coastal tourism sector of Alor Regency. It cannot be separated that the function of the beach as a tourist attraction depends on the ability to meet the needs of tourists in terms of adequate facilities as a place to fill leisure time, relaxation, fun, romance, adventure, security and others. The beach is a tourist location or tourist attraction that has economic value. So, the development of coastal tourism is very profitable because it can penetrate various economic activities, both for local communities and for local governments and investors who want to develop coastal tourism objects.

The coastal tourism area in Alor Regency is the tour tourists choose when they are in East Nusa Tenggara. From initial observations on coastal tourism areas in Alor Regency, Coastal tourism in Alor Regency has enormous potential. It is known that until 2022 coastal communities have received guidance on managing their tourism areas. However, there still needs to be more synergy in coastal community empowerment programs in managing their potential to develop tourist areas. This general description is then used by the Tourism Office and Local Tourism Lovers Communities (KPPL) in coordination with relevant stakeholders, namely the village government, community leaders and the community itself in tourist attraction areas, to develop coastal tourism areas that are competitive. This coastal tourism also contributes directly to income and social welfare. Based on an interview with the Head of the Social Welfare Section of Kabola Village, Alor Regency as well as a local tourism lover community builder, Mrs. "Tina Tinarti" who said that to improve the welfare of the community from an economic point of view, in the future we will not only conduct training, mentoring and community involvement to create a tourism business product. Improve the quality of tourism services so that our residents can feel the impact of tourism activities. It is necessary to have synergy in coastal community empowerment programs with village governments, academics, empowerment activists, environmentalists, communities and tourists in implementing sustainable ecotourism empowerment programs for coastal tourism areas by prioritizing community empowerment program, so that it can have a positive impact on local communities.

The synergy in community empowerment programs in the coastal area of Alor Regency can significantly impact local communities, namely socio-economic and cultural impacts. It is necessary to develop both tourism objects and community empowerment as a source of foreign exchange income and as a medium to expand and equal distribution of employment opportunities, promote regional development, and, most importantly, increase the happiness and welfare of the community. So that steps are needed, that must be taken by local governments in community empowerment programs based on tourism excellence. Ecotourism is expected to help the economy of coastal communities and make coastal communities of Alor Regency more creative and take advantage of nature without destroying it. The empowerment program includes the provision of mentors to coastal communities through training and the need for synergy in coastal community empowerment programs. These two steps are sufficient in community empowerment programs based on ecotourism, as evidenced by an increase in the income of coastal communities and public awareness of environmentally friendly tourism activities.

Ecotourism-Based Coastal Community Empowerment Strategy in Alor Regency

Travel (tourism), or tourism, is a multidimensional and multidisciplinary activity born to meet the needs of local communities, tourists, the state, local governments and entrepreneurs (Tourism Law No. 10/2009). In general, the insistence on ecotourism is very different from other tourism. Ecotourism is driven by two important aspects, including: (1) The linkage of human activities with the preservation of natural resources and the environment and (2) The existence of a strategy and the seriousness of the community in preserving natural resources and environmental sustainability. Thus, it is suitable if ecotourism is closely related to tourism activities, where great attention is paid to these two aspects to manage tourist destinations and provide tour packages to tourists.

Community empowerment is a vital force. This strength can be seen in the physical, material and financial aspects, institutional income (increasing individual power in the form of a forum/group), collective strength, spiritual strength and the strength of joint commitment, responding to and applying the principle of empowerment. The idea of community empowerment is to create independence so that people can act, understand and apply in various development activities. Empowerment can also be interpreted as an effort to meet the desired needs of individuals, groups and society at large so that they can make choices and control their environment to fulfil their desires, including access to resources. Community empowerment based on ecotourism is a concept that is easy to formulate. However, it is challenging to implement because this concept is holistic and must continue to be researched and strengthened-empowered in the sense of the philosophy of life in society, education, skills, attitudes/manners, social rules, customs and even to the appearance of the community itself. In addition, with the programs organized by the Alor Regency Tourism Office, there have been many changes in the Alor community, especially the community around tourist sites, both economically, socially and culturally, as stated by Kartika [15], in general, the impacts of tourism include: foreign exchange earnings, community income, job opportunities, prices and tariffs, distribution of benefits and profits, ownership and control, development and government revenues.

Arismiyanti [16] strategies that can be applied in the development of sustainable marine ecotourism in Indonesia are regional development and marine ecotourism products. The program empowers local communities, enhances marine and tourism industry networks, develops infrastructure; markets marine ecotourism products; develops marine spatial planning; enhances  maritime  tourism  security  and  institutional and  human  resource  development.  According  to Khakhim et al. [17],  the  development  of  coastal  areas must follow a pattern of sustainability and integration so that the utilization of these coastal areas does not harm each other. Sustainability means environmental integrity, quality of life improvement and equality between generations. In contrast, integration means planning integration between national, provincial, regional and local levels as well as inter-sectoral integration planning at every level of government, such as integration between the tourism sector and the fisheries sector at the regional level and others. Integrated coastal area management is an approach that involves two or more ecosystems, resources and integrated utilization (development) activities to achieve sustainable coastal area development so that community empowerment programs can run well.

Tourism is a service industry that can encourage a region's economy. In its development, seen from the economic aspect of tourism, it is the leading producer of non-oil and gas foreign exchange [18]. When viewed from a regional point of view, the tourism sector in the coastal tourism area of Alor Regency has encouraged the growth and development of tourism areas and community service centres. This sector can promote the economic process of the community around tourist attractions, even remote locations in the interior, which will encourage the creation of tourism objects. This significant role and contribution have further strengthened tourism in Alor Regency as a strategic sector with potential and enormous opportunities to be developed and plays an essential role in the community's economy.

The coastal tourism area in Alor Regency is essential to generate economic benefits for local communities, so community empowerment needs to be carried out by mobilizing and increasing the coastal tourism sector in the region. This needs to be done because the tourism industry has various elements that can encourage the improvement of the economy and the community's quality of life. This process can occur because tourism has a sustainable impact (multiplier effect) on various productive economic businesses related to tourism to gain profits and jobs. Communities in the coastal areas of Alor Regency have an excellent opportunity to manage their coastal areas to be used as tourist attractions or destinations to improve community welfare. This sizable opportunity certainly requires local community participation in the decision-making process on coastal community empowerment programs with sustainable tourism development. Tamaratika and Rosyidie [19] state that tourism development is related to how to achieve economic growth and how to empower local communities with their local wisdom that can be an attraction for tourists to improve the people's economic welfare. Tamaratika and Rosyidie [19]  opinion  is  in  line  with Clark [20] opinion which says that the positive impacts and advantages of the development of the tourism sector are: It can increase the income of local communities, absorption of local workers, tax revenues and regional retributions, the strengthening of the balance of payments position, improvement of structure economy, increasing government revenues both centrally and regionally and driving the multiplier effect.

The empowerment of the community with an ecotourism approach to tourism objects in Alor Regency has opened up job opportunities. The more visitors who come to Alor Regency, the more activities of residents engage in conducting transactions. Transactions are not only in the coastal tourist area of Alor Regency but can extend to terminals, around markets, minimarkets, people's homes and others. Residents who have houses close to coastal tourist areas, on their initiative, build guesthouses or inns, public toilets, restaurants and places to sell accessories so that they can create new jobs. Moreover, residents who already have kiosks or stalls in the coastal tourist area of Alor Regency, terminals and parking lots can freely sell various merchandise and services.

The novelty of this research as a contribution to research results is to create a development program for the empowerment of coastal tourism areas in Alor Regency by forming an institution for the younger generation who joins the Community of Local Tourism Lovers (KPPL) as the next generation to become and be able to protect, preserve and develop ecotourism potential in the area of coastal tourism. So far, there has never been any research focusing on this; most research is on sites and infrastructure, government policies and economical business groups. The study results are beneficial in providing recommendations for policy-making, especially school education curricula which must include environmental awareness, coastal economics, ecotourism and tourism management. The results of the study are beneficial in providing recommendations for policy-making in government and school leaders, especially school education  materials  into  the  educational  curriculum as elective subjects or local content, namely the environment, coastal economy, ecotourism and tourism management.

The conclusions generated in this study are (1) assisting/training coastal communities, where the implementation of empowerment can be done through counselling and training to increase awareness, motivation, knowledge, skills and solidarity of the younger generation who form ecotourism based on local community empowerment, (2) synergy in the coastal community empowerment program, where the local government of Alor Regency, especially the Tourism Office, cooperates with village governments, academics, empowerment  activists,  environmentalists, communities and tourists in implementing sustainable ecotourism empowerment programs for coastal tourism areas  by  promoting  community  empowerment programs.

1. Baiquni, M. Pariwisata dan krisis lingkungan global dalam pariwisata berkelanjutan dalam pusaran krisis global. Denpasar: Penerbit Udayana University Press, 2010.

2. Hajar, Siti et al. Pemberdayaan dan partisipasi masyarakat pesisir. Medan: Lembaga Penelitian dan Penulisan Ilmiah AQLI, 2018.

3. Tulungen, J.J. et al. Panduan pengelolaan SD wilayah pesisir berbasis masyarakat. In Knight, M. and S. Tighe (eds.), USAID Indonesia-Coastal Resources Management Project. Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA, 2003.

4. Hassan, M.I. and M.H. Rahmat. "The effect of coastline changes to local community’s socioeconomic." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, vol. XLII-4/W1, 2016, pp. 25-36. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII4-W1-25-2016.

5. Nugroho, Iwan. Ekowisata dan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2015.

6. Mustanir, A. and A. Yasin. "Community participation in transect on development planning." Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Publik: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Administrasi Publik (JIAP), vol. 8, no. 2, 2018, pp. 137-146. https://doi.org/10.26858/jiap.v8i2.7994.

7. Mustanir, A. and S. Lubis. "Participatory rural appraisal in deliberations of development planning." International Conference on Democracy, Accountability and Governance (ICODAG 2017), vol. 163, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2991/icodag17.2017.60.

8. Kusrini, N. et al. "Community empowerment in utilizing local resources in Jeruju Besar Village, Sungai Kakap District." Journal of Community Empowerment, vol. 2, no. 2, 2017, pp. 139-150.

9. Sumarwoto, B. et al. "Collaborative management of Indrayanti Beach eco-tourism based on local wisdom in Sidoharjo Tepus Village, Gunungkidul Yogyakarta." International Journal of ASRO, vol. 12, no. 3, 2021, pp. 20-29.

10. Kelkit, A. et al. "Ecotourism potential of Gallipoli Peninsula Historical National Park." Journal of Coastal Research, vol. 26, no. 3, 2010, pp. 562-568.

11. Rhama, B. "The analysis of the Central Kalimantan tourism development plan based on ecotourism policy perspective." Policy & Governance Review, vol. 2, no. 3, 2018, pp. 2580-4820. https://doi.org/10.30589/pgr.v2i3.110.

12. Satori, Djam’an and Komariah. Metodologi penelitian kualitatif. Bandung: Alfabeta, 2010.

13. Okoli, D.I. and E.I. Okoli. "Youth empowerment through entrepreneurial development in Nigeria." Journal of Educational and Social Research, vol. 3, no. 9, 2013, pp. 147-151. https://doi.org/10.5901/jesr.2013.v3n9p147.

14. Sugito, T. et al. "Implementation of ecotourism empowerment in coastal border of West Kalimantan." Humanities and Social Science Research, vol. 2, no. 4, 2019.

15. Kartika, Titing. "The impact of tourism development towards the aspect of economic, social culture and physical environment in Desa Panjalu." Jurnal Hospitaliti and Tourism, vol. 3, no. 1, January 2016, pp. 1-113.

16. Arismiyanti, N.K. "Development strategy of ecotourism marine sustainable in Indonesia." Asean Journal on Hospitality and Tourism, vol. 15, no. 2, 2017, pp. 118-138.

17. Khakhim, N. et al. "Analysis of visual preferences for coastal landscapes in the Special Region of Yogyakarta for coastal tourism development towards sustainable management of coastal areas." Geography Forum, vol. 22, no. 1, 2008, pp. 44-59.

18. Wuri, Josephine et al. "Dampak keberadaan kampung wisata terhadap kehidupan ekonomi dan sosial masyarakat." Jurnal Penelitian, vol. 18, no. 2, May 2015, pp. 143-156.

19. Tamaratika, F. and A. Rosyidie. "Incorporation of local wisdom in the development of tourism areas in the coastal environment." Journal of Sociotechnology, vol. 16, no. 1, 2017, pp. 125-133.

20. Clark, Alan. "Coastal development in France." Annals of Tourism Research: A Social Science Journal. New York: Pergamon Press, 1991.