Indonesia is one of the largest archipelagic countries in the world. Apart from being an archipelagic country, Indonesia also has a wealth of marine resources covering an area of ​​5.8 million km². Indonesia's coastal and marine areas reach of Indonesia's territory (5.8 million km² out of 7,827,087 km²), abundant natural resources are widely used by coastal communities and highly productive ecosystems in marine waters [1]. Indonesia has the longest coastal area in the world, the second longest after Canada. this makes natural resources in the fisheries sector very promising for cultivation [2].

The potential of fishery resources in Indonesia is quite large, both capture fisheries and aquaculture resources. Aquaculture in particular is able to move the community's economy in producing fish for consumption [3]. The marine and fishery sector is one of the economic sectors that has a role in national economic development, especially in providing employment opportunities and earning the country's foreign exchange [4]. 

The need for fish consumption in Indonesia will increase every year along with the increase in population. Fishery is one of the important sub-sectors in the administration of the state. In 2019, the fisheries sub-sector contributed to Indonesia's GDP by 2.31% (Rp 252 trillion). In addition, the contribution of this sub-sector can be seen in its support for the creation of national food stability. Products produced from this sub-sector are alternative food sources that are rich in nutrients and can be widely consumed by the community [5].

Since the COVID-19 pandemic until now, the global fishery market has experienced disruptions. Many countries affected by the COVID-19 outbreak have imposed lockdown policies or even banned their residents from carrying out activities in their countries to reduce the spread of covid 19. This policy has an impact on decreasing demand for fishery products [6].

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, more than 50% of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have not run for several months. This condition is more severe than the economic crisis in 2008. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the national and global economy due to the broad weakening of MSMEs [7].

The economic impact of the Covid-19 virus pandemic has been felt by every community, one of which is felt by the people of the Bulak sub-district, Surabaya. Almost all of the people here make a living as fishermen on the Kenjeran beach and business actors of processed smoked fish in Surabaya. The smoked fish center in the kenjeran bulak area is a center that is already known by many people. Before the arrival of Covid-19, the income of smoked fish producers increased so much that daily income could reach 1-2 million, not to mention holidays, income could increase by 2 times.

Various policies during the Covid-19 pandemic, such as the closure of tourist attractions, parks, and restrictions on operating hours caused the lack of visitors in the Kenjeran tourist area. This resulted in a decrease in the income of traders, after the Covid-19 pandemic the income of smoked fish producers increased little by little because operating hours and community activities had been released [8].

The object of this research is limited only to smoked catfish entrepreneurs in Kejawen Lor in order to obtain data on the number of smoked catfish entrepreneurs in these SMEs.

Research Time and Place

This research was conducted in Kejawen Lor, Bulak District, Kenjeran, Surabaya City, East Java Province. The research location was determined purposively by considering that in Kejawen Lor there are many SMEs of catfish smoked fish entrepreneurs.

Population and Sample

The population in this research are all entrepreneurs of smoked catfish in Kejawen Lor, Bulak Kenjeran District, Surabaya City, East Java Province, as many as 30 people. Determination of the sample in this research using the Saturated Sampling Technique, namely by taking the entire population in Kejawen Lor because the population is relatively small, not more than 30 people [9].

Sources and Methods of Data Collection

Sources of research data were collected from primary data obtained from direct observations, documentation, questionnaires, and interviews with smoked catfish entrepreneurs in Kejawen Lor, as well as secondary data obtained from institutions or agencies, books, electronic journals, and articles published related to this research. The Department of Fisheries, the Central Statistics Agency, and the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries are institutions or agencies involved in research to complete primary data.

Data Analysis

Analysis of smoked catfish business in Kejawen Lor, Bulak Kenjeran District, Surabaya City, East Java Province. calculated using cost analysis, revenue analysis and revenue analysis [10].

Total Cost

TC = FC + VC

• TC: Total Cost (Rp)

• FC: Fix Cost (Rp)

• VC: Variable Cost (Rp)

Revenue

TR= Py. Q

• TR= Total Revenue (Rp)

• Py = Product Price (Rp)

• Q = Quantity (unit)

Income

I = TR – TC

• I: Income (Rp)

• TR: Total Revenue (Rp)

• TC: Total Cost (Rp)

R/C Ratio

The R/C Ratio is an analysis used to determine the relative advantage of the smoked catfish business in Kejawen Lor [11].

R/C Ratio = TR/TC

Criteria

• R/C >1 means that the catfish smoked fish business in Kejawen Lor is profitable

• R/C = 1, it means that the catfish smoked fish business in Kejawen Lor is even

• R/C <1 means that the catfish smoked fish business in Kejawen Lor is at a loss

BEP

Break Even Point is a condition where the revenue from the catfish smoked fish business in Kejawen Lor is the same as the production cost [12].

BEP (Rupiah):

Karakteristik Responden

Characteristics of respondents in this research are divided into: gender, age, education, business experience, and workforce. The following are the characteristics of smoked fish entrepreneurs in Kejawen Lor:

Gender

Characteristics of smoked catfish entrepreneurs in Kejawen Lor by gender indicate that 83% of smoked fish entrepreneurs are female, while only 17% are male. The high percentage of women is due to the dominant smoked fish business being carried out by women because it is related to cooking activities such as smoking fish. In addition, women are more communicative in offering products to consumers.

Table 1: Characteristics of Respondents

Table 2: Analysis of Business Costs of Smoked Manyung Fish

Sumber: Data Primer diolah (2021)

Table 3: Business Revenue of Manyung Smoked Fish

Table 4: Business Income of Manyung Smoked Fish

Sumber: Data Primer Diolah (2021)

Age

The characteristics of smoked catfish entrepreneurs in Kejawen Lor according to age group indicate that the majority of entrepreneurs are 46-60 years old, which is as much as 70%.

Education

The characteristics of smoked catfish entrepreneurs in Kejawen Lor according to education show that the majority of entrepreneurs have elementary school education, as many as 47%.

Business Experience

According to business experience, the characteristics of smoked catfish entrepreneurs in Kejawen Lor show that the majority of entrepreneurs have business experience ranging from 1-10 years, which is as much as 70%.

Labor

The characteristics of smoked catfish entrepreneurs in Kejawen Lor according to the workforce show that the majority of entrepreneurs have a workforce of 2 people, as much as 77%.

Cost, Revenue, Income and Feasibility Analysis

Cost Analysis: Smoked fish business costs consist of fixed costs and variable costs. Fixed costs consist of depreciation of blades, depreciation of stoves and rent. While the variable costs consist of fish, fish skewers, coconut shells, electricity and water, and labor. The results of the cost analysis are as Table 2.

Table 2 shows the results of cost analysis of catfish smoked fish business in Kejawen Lor, where the average fixed cost is Rp. 148.271, - and the average variable cost is Rp. 32,906,100, -. So it is known that the total cost for one production is Rp. 33.054.371.

Revenue

The revenue from the smoked catfish business in Kejawen Lor is calculated by multiplying the production of smoked catfish per production with the selling price at the time of the study. The results of the acceptance analysis are as follows:

Based on the table 3, it is known that the average revenue of smoked catfish business in Kejawen Lor in one production process is Rp. 37.217.500.

Income

The income from the smoked catfish business in Kejawen Lor received by the producer is calculated from the revenue minus the total cost. The results of the income analysis are as follows:

Table 4 shows that the average business income of smoked catfish in Kejawen Lor in one production process is Rp. 4.163.129.

R/C Ratio

The R/C ratio is a benchmark like the smoked catfish business in Kejawen Lor by dividing the total revenue by the total cost. If the R/C ratio > 1 then the business is profitable, if the R/C ratio < 1 then the business is detrimental, and if the R/C ratio = 1 then the business is even. The following are the results of the analysis of the R/C ratio:

The R/C Ratio of the smoked catfish business in Kejawen Lor is 1.125 (> 1), which means that the smoked catfish business in Kejawen Lor is feasible and profitable.

BEP

Break Even Point is a situation where the catfish smoked fish business in Kejawen Lor is at the point where the total cost is equal to the total income.

BEP (Rupiah) =

 =

             = Rp. 1.382.319, -

From the above calculation, it can be concluded that the entrepreneur of smoked catfish in Kejawen Lor should be able to get an average income of Rp. 1.382319 in order to break even.

The Behavior of Manyung Smoked Fish Producers after the Covid-19 Pandemic

Social Side

• From the results of observations 95% of smoked fish entrepreneurs are good and support the smoked fish business community in Kejawen lor, by applying a good and friendly attitude to smoked fish producers or establishing good relations with smoked fish producers is one of the keys to the success of a business so that it can run each other's business well and there is no commotion among producers

• From the observation that 25% of smoked fish entrepreneurs have not followed health protocols, it would be better if smoked fish producers in Kejawen lor follow health protocols and their merchandise is covered with plastic/similar to make it more hygienic and not contaminated with viruses/similar

• From observations 95% of all smoked fish entrepreneurs have workers, because a business activity requires other people and does not hesitate in establishing relationships and interactions with other people to achieve goals

• From the results of observations, 100% of smoked fish producers in their current business still rely on their business to fulfill their own life or independent business

• From the overall observation, 100% of smoked fish entrepreneurs dare to compete with other smoked fish entrepreneurs in Jawen lor and accept the advantages of business competitors in marketing the smoked fish business

Economic Side

• Behavior of smoked fish producers in kejawen lor in purchasing raw materials. The raw material for catfish used for the manufacture of smoked fish after the COVID-19 pandemic has greatly increased in price, producers must rack their brains on how not to suffer losses

• Production activities carried out by smoked fish producers in Kejawen Lor after the pandemic slightly reduced their production (40-50 kg) compared to before the pandemic (100-150 kg). However, on Saturday and Sunday, they can double their production so that the income earned by producers after the pandemic is relatively stable and there is a slight increase every time

• The behavior of smoked fish producers in Kejawen lor in selling does not increase the price too high, the price which was previously IDR 2000 per 1 piece was increased to IDR 2500 in the post-covid period. Even though the price of raw materials has soared, smoked fish entrepreneurs have not increased the selling price twice from the previous price

Based on the calculation results of the analysis of the income of the smoked fish business in Kejawen Lor, the average per month is Rp. 37,217,500, for income analysis has an average of Rp. 4,163,129, for the feasibility analysis of smoked fish business, it is said to be feasible because the results of the R/C ratio are more than 1, and the results of BEP revenues are Rp. 1,382,319.

From the social side, it is observed that 95% of smoked fish entrepreneurs are good and have good relations between producers and consumers, 25% have not followed health protocols, 95% have workers, 100% have independent / individual businesses, and 100% smoked fish entrepreneurs dare to compete with other smoked fish entrepreneurs in Jawen lor and accept the advantages of business competitors in marketing the smoked fish business. Meanwhile, on the economic side, smoked fish raw materials have increased so that producers reduce production on a large scale, the income earned by producers in the post-pandemic is relatively stable and there is a slight increase, the selling price of fish also does not increase too much, previously Rp 2000 per 1 piece was increased to IDR 2500 at the time of post-covid.

Suggestion

Producers can increase the income earned by increasing the number of production and marketing online.

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