The current note traverses the journey of health care with the principle of equity and inclusiveness in the background. Right from independence till the current pandemic, it explains the process of adapting to emerging challenges principally by the health care system. The health care system here includes the public, private, charitable, corporate and the community-based organizations. On going the through the tits and bits, one can realize the epidemiologic transition where the country has moved from communicable diseases to non-communicable diseases and again back to communicable diseases through the advent of the current global pandemic in the form of mutants and variants of the SARS COV-2 virus.

The Urhobo land is faced with the associated challenges of increasing population and settlement expansion, with unequal distribution of basic and social amenities for effective interaction amongst humans who live in the settlements as ecological units. The study reviewed the ecosystem concept and ecological attributes of the Urhobo land, urban renewal concept, and the essential need for the adoption of urban renewal programme in Urhobo land. The desk survey approach was adopted in this study to review published information in line with the prevailing circumstances in the study area. The study identified 3 important reasons for the adoption of the urban renewal programme in Urhobo land; while 3 beneficial effects of adopting good strategies were adduced. It concluded that Urhobo land deserves modern urban renewal approaches and strategy because the region lacks effective economic development commensurate with her rich resource base and contributions towards national economic development. The adoption of modern urban renewal approaches and strategies that will evenly address specific urban and ecological needs of both rural and the urban units within Urhobo land is recommended.

This study aims to compare the outsourcing and being outsourced activities of Vietnamese universities. It is a new topic and there is not a single article mentioned or available. The research has selected a number of articles related to outsourcing to be able to collect data and give specific factors for the research paper. Research results shows that outsourcing and being outsourced activities are growing. In particular, the element of changing the mindset and even the new mindset in business is really more necessary for businesses today as they are also fighting outsourcing and being outsourced.

R-logistics's role in retail improving customer satisfaction in Vietnam has a strong influence on corporate governance, internally, party relationships and supply chain. service. R- Logistics, as a business philosophy, guides companies in finding customer satisfaction with consistent profitability. The trend of international integration, the region that is changing and becoming more urgent than ever is the 4th Industrial Revolution. To keep up with the technology trend, countries are racing to move towards an Industry 4.0, the opportunity for regional and international integration is still in human resources. The pace of technological change is increasing, requiring more emphasis on the ability of workers to continually adapt, learn new skills and access new things in a variety of contexts, especially in improving retail customer satisfaction in Vietnam.

The paper discussed social media as a panacea for curbing the prevalence of early marriage in Nigeria. Considering the prevalence of early marriage in Nigeria as recorded in available literature and personal observation. There is an urgent need to seek for a means through which this public health issue can be solved using social media platforms. This paper advanced a discourse on how social media can be a viable instrument for solving the challenges of early marriage in Nigeria; to achieve this aim, the study conceptualized early marriage; and social media so as to reduce the level of ambiguity and for ease of operationalization of concepts. The study categorized the various ways social media can be used for mitigating the challenges of early marriage in Nigeria as follows: social media as a tool for creating awareness of early marriage, social media as a tool for reporting cases of early marriage, social media as a tool for advocacy, social media as a tool for documenting reported cases of early marriage and social media as a tool for public debate on early marriage. The challenges affecting the use of social media for curbing the prevalence of early marriage in Nigeria were also discussed. The study recommended among other things that, educated youths from various parts of the country should cultivate the practice of using social media platforms to create awareness of the legal, economic, social and health implications of early marriage. This can be achieved by creating a group for the community on any social media platform or use the existing platform where one already exist. The government should endeavor to improve the living condition of her citizens through proper policies and projects. This will reduce the prevalence of early marriage as poverty is a major factor as identified in literature.

Ganga River is one of the prime individualities of Hinduism, Ganges is not only a source of water but it is deliberated a Goddess Mother who always gives everything to her children the Ganga is accredited in Rigveda,500BC Hippocrates, wrote about the therapeutic of disease with water. Ernest Hankin, a British bacteriologist, reported in 1896 on the presence of antibacterial activity against Vibrio cholera. It has been proven that Bacteriophage is found in greater quantity inside the Ganges than other rivers. This review is mainly focused on the role of Ganga Phages in different severe diseases and provides an overview of the potential of phage therapy as a resource of treating or preventing human diseases, this review shall help the policymakers to choose the best methods & criteria for phage therapy in the treatment of many severe diseases.

The study investigated the influence of parental support on academic achievements of learners from nomadic families in Wajir County Kenya. The study was guided by the following objectives: to investigate the influence of home related parental support on the performance of government sponsored high school learners from nomadic families and; to examine the influence of schools related parental support on the performance of government sponsored high school learners from nomadic families in Wajir County Kenya. The study employed descriptive research design. The target population were 12 teachers, 48 parents and 100 students in Wajir County. A sample of 160 participants was used. Convenience sampling was used to sample parents, purposive sampling was used to sample teachers and simple random sampling was used to sample students. Data was collected through questionnaires. Pilot-test of the instrument was done in one school. Scientific packages for social sciences were utilized to analyze data descriptively and inferentially through linear regression to test the association at 95% confidence interval. The study revealed that in Wajir County, home related and schools related parental support greatly influenced students’ academic performance. The findings further showed that generally there was a statistically significant relationship between parental support and academic performance of learners from nomadic families in Wajir County, Kenya. The study therefore concludes that parental support influences academic performance of learners from nomadic families in Wajir County. The contribution to the field of education is that it is amongst the few available studies addressing the effects of parental involvement on academic performance among learners from nomadic families especially in Kenya where such studies are very limited. The study recommends that a concerted effort must be undertaken by academic stakeholders to find effective measures for enhancing nomadic parents’ involvement in their childrens education as this has been found to improve academic outcomes of learners from such families.

War in the context of this study is a basic aspect of human development. It visualizes the bourgeois nature of human relationship and national interest. It requires the use of clever and tact in getting a desired need; a skillful plan, action or movement aimed at giving extra advantage in a struggle or arrangement. Just like the wars fought in Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries, there were revolutionary wars fought among the Yoruba people to ascertain political dominance over one another in their geographical space. The revolutionary wars of the 19th century had a pile of diplomatic moves which either gave advantages during the war or paved way for a subtly skillful negotiation during the war. This paper examines the role of diplomacy and manoeuvring played during the selected revolutionary wars; despite the low level of literacy as at this point in time. Primary and secondary sources are employed in this research as well as thorough descriptive and analytic methods of report writing.

Governments worldwide recognize the significance of Early Childhood Care and Development (ECDE) as the foundation for all students’ future academic success. In Kenya, quality early chihhood education is recognised as one of the most important pillars towards the attainment of Education for All (EFA); Vision 2030 as well as Social Development Goals (SDGs). However, there has been a worrying trend of learners’ acquisition of literacy competencies at primary and secondary school levels. The worrying trends have been associated with learning challenges pre-primary children face because basic language and other competencies which are essential for a learner’s further advancement and progression to higher learning levels, are acquired at this stage. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of home to school communication on the acquisition of literacy competencies among pre-primary children in Manga Sub-County, Nyamira County. The study used Joyce Epstein’s Model for Parental Engagement. The study adopts correlational research design. The study targeted 65 head teachers, 65 ECDE school lead teachers, 210 preschool parents, 210 preschool children and 3 ECDE divisional Coordinators. To obtain the sample for the study, the study used cluster, purposive and simple random sampling techniques. The study sample consisted of 20 head teachers, 136 preschool parents, 136 preschoolers, 65 ECDE lead teachers and 3 ECDE Divisional Coordinators. The study employed Questionnaires and document analysis in collecting data. Data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings of the study revealed that generally, the preschool parental involvement in terms of home to school communication was low. However, the study showed that there was a statistically significant positive association between home to school communication and the acquisition of literacy competencies among pre-schoolers. Home to school communication accounted for 23.9% (Adjusted R2= 0.239) of the variation in the acquisition of basic literacy competencies. It was concluded that effective parental involvement through home school communication is vital for basic literacy competencies acquisition. The study recommended the sensitization of preschool parents on the importance of home to school frequent communication in their children's education.

Manufacturing sector has been adjudged to be one of the critical sectors for economic growth and development of any society. However, the sector cannot perform in isolation, certain issues need to be available for its efficient and optimal performance. These issues include conducive operational environment through the provision of critical infrastructure and energy including a relative constant electricity supply. Manufacturing sector in Nigeria has been bedeviled with multifarious problems which hinder the efficient performance of the sector for significant contribution to the country’s economic growth and development. This paper discusses various issues concerning the importance, performance and contribution of manufacturing sector to the economic growth and development of the country. Problems such as corruption, inadequate and inefficient infrastructures, inadequate patronage of finished goods produced by indigenous industries, government unfavorable manufacturing policies have been identified as inhibiting the performance and contribution of the sector to the country’s economic growth and sustainable development. Strong commitments from government needs to be made in order to address these problems for efficient performance of the country’s manufacturing sector.

In the article author, using the material of gestalt psychological research carried out in Europe in the middle of the last century, touches upon the problems of verbal production in a literary text. The author of the article chooses the work of scientists (followers of the Berlin Gestalt school) with images as the central tactic among numerous gestalt theses, since it is the image that is an essential tool in the field of poetics of the work. Considering the history of learning in world science, the author of the article analyzes the study of the issue. In the next section of the work, the terminological apparatus of the problem is presented against the background of the description of the general concept of gestalt learning and the identification of its capabilities in the course of word-creation activities. Further, attention is paid to the laws of individual perception, preferred by Gestalt specialists. It is the named laws of perception that can be attributed to the character-shaped sphere of the work, since any of the features and components that make up these laws belongs to the image drawn with features, colors, lines in a literary text. The final part of the work is made up of conclusions.

Bangladesh is one of the most child marriage prone countries of the world. The causes of child marriage in Bangladesh are multidimensional. Although marriage is a social bond between a male and female, the issue of child marriage has become a social disease. However, the main purpose of this study is to explore the causes of child marriage from theoretical point of view. Methodological mixes have been applied in this study. For understanding the research problem comprehensively, social survey as a quantitative method and focus group discussion, case study, and document analysis as qualitative methods has been used. Both male and female children of the study area were the respondents of the study. Snowball sampling techniques have been applied in this study. The findings of the study identified thirty four causes. These are: Cultural tradition, strong religious beliefs, social insecurity, poverty, lack of education and consciousness, patriarchal society, dowry, over population, under-empowerment of woman, considering girls as burden to the family, remote location, lack of social mobility, drop out, illiteracy, girl’s beauty, customs, autocratic behavior of parent and other guardians, getting a better bridegroom, weak local government, strong communal solidarity, social pressure and audience challenge, fear of social stigma and self-esteem, lower scope of higher study, romantic relation, eve teasing,  rape, misconception about reproductive health, abuse of information technology, competition and conflict with neighbor, considering girls as fresh, young and innocent, lack of activities from the central government, possibility of losing market value, preserve land property. In this paper an attempt has been made to explain the causes of child marriage through major sociological theories. The findings of the study may be helpful for the academicians as well as the policy makers to suggest appropriate plans and programs for controlling child marriage with a view to achieving sustainable development goals.